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Geography > Global Ecosystems and Importance > Flashcards

Global Ecosystems and Importance Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecosystem

A

The relationship between living and non-living organisms in an environment.

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2
Q

Biome

A

A world scale ecosystem

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3
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of the Earth’s surface inhabited by living things

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4
Q

Environment

A

The physical surroundings where plants and animals live

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5
Q

Examples of non-living environment

A

Rocks, soil, the air and climate

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6
Q

Examples of living environment

A

Animals, birds, fish, insects and people

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7
Q

Natural ecosystem

A

A community of plants and animals unaffected by human activity

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8
Q

Name 7 biomes

A

Tundra, Temperate forest, Boreal forest, Desert, Tropical grassland, Tropical rainforest, Temperate grassland

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9
Q

Effect of latitude

A

As the latitude increases, the temp decreases
The angle of the suns rays affects the temp

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10
Q

Convection cell at equator

A

High temps at equator causes evaporation
Vapour condenses forming clouds and heavy rainfall

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11
Q

Inter-tropical convergence zone

A

A belt of low pressure that moves north in Jun, creating a wet season, moves south in Jan

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12
Q

Proximity to oceans

A

Places near oceans have more moderate climates-cooled by the sea in the summer and warmed in winter

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13
Q

Rain shadow effect

A

High mountains force clouds to rise, cool and release precip No moisture after, hot biomes

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14
Q

Cool air at tropics

A

Air moves up from equator, cools, sinks, causing high temps, low precip

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15
Q

Tilt of Earth

A

Distance from sun creates seasons, weather patterns, equator remains unaffected

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16
Q

Local factors:
Altitdue

A

Every 100m gain in height, the temp decreases by 1oc High mountains can have tundras

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17
Q

Local factors:
Soil

A

Soil conditions changes the ecosystem. Poorly drained=swampy areas

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18
Q

Local factors:
Humans

A

Humans change ecosystem by deforestation, using resources

19
Q

Examples of goods

A

Paper, wood, cocoa, fruit, minerals, medicine

20
Q

Examples of services

A

Tourism, mining, atmos regulation, biodiversity

21
Q

4 UK Ecosystems

A

Wetland, Moorland, Heathland, Woodland

22
Q

Moorland
Where?What?

A

Upland areas, too high for crops
Rough grassland, heather,grouse

23
Q

Woodland
Where?What?

A

All over Uk
Deciduous trees like oak and ash, bluebells and ferns

24
Q

Wetland
Where?What?

A

Mainly in Scotland, drained to make fertile land, few remain
Waterlogged soils, bog mosses

25
Q

Heathland
Where?What?

A

Across lowland areas
Can be sandy or marshy, sand lizards, marsh gentian

26
Q

Marine service:
Tourism

A

250mil people visit UK coast

27
Q

Marine service:
Fishing

A

UK fishing fleet is 7th largest in EU

28
Q

Marine good:
Energy (oil)

A

UK has oil reserves of around 24 bil barrels

29
Q

Marine good:
Energy(wind)

A

London Array is world’s biggest wind farm

30
Q

How we degrade marine environment?

Overfishing

A

Overexploitation-fish stocks at very low levels

31
Q

How we degrade marine environment?

Deep water ports

A

Harbours where large ships can dock-leads to oil spills

32
Q

How we degrade marine environment?

Large windfarms

A

Produces electricity, destroys landscape and plant life

33
Q

How we degrade marine environment?

Eutrophication

A

Fertilisers on farmland wash into rivers, more algae growth, less sun to plants, less oxygen for animals so die

34
Q

How we degrade marine environment?

Waste

A

Sewage being released into oceans and rivers

35
Q

Tundra
Characteristics?
Vegetation?
Where?

A

Low temps, low rainfall, covered in ice or snow
Little vegetation
Around the North pole

36
Q

Boreal forest
Characteristics?
Vegetation?
Where?

A

Seasonal temps, warm summers cold winters
Mostly coniferous trees
Northern hemisphere

37
Q

Hot desert
Characteristics?
Vegetation?
Where?

A

High temps, low precipitation
Sparse vegetation
Near tropics

38
Q

Tropical grasslands
Characteristics?
Vegetation?
Where?

A

High temps all year, wet and dry seasons
Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees
Near equator

39
Q

Tropical rainforest
Characteristics?
Vegetation?
Where?

A

High temps and rainfall all year round
High biodiversity
Around the equator

40
Q

Temperate forest
Characteristics?
Vegetation?

A

Distinctive seasons, warm summer, cold winter, moderate rainfall
Deciduous trees

41
Q

Temperate grassland
Characteristics?
Vegetation?

A

Seasonal temps, periods of rainfall
Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees

42
Q

Differences to the gersmehl model in TRF and deciduous woodland?

A

TRF has larger biomass and a smaller soil store
The cycle is slower in deciduous woodland

43
Q

Description of Gersmehl model in deciduous woodland?

A

Fairly equal stores, biomass slightly bigger due to the trees

44
Q

Description of Gersmehl model in TRF?

A

Large biomass store, high biodiversity. Small soil store, high uptake and leaching

Geography (11 decks)

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