Investigating human landscapes- Urban area Flashcards
Exam words
Explain?
Describe?
Why you conducted the data
How you conducted the data
6 stages of an enquiry process
-Develop an enquiry question
-Data collection
-Present data
-Analyse data
-Make conclusions
-Evaluate data collection
What was the enquiry question?
To examine the distribution of shops and services in St Albans’ CBD
4 locations in St Albans and where they are in CBD
St Peter’s Street - inner core
Christopher Place - inner core
Holywell Hill - outer core
Catherine Street - frame
Describe the location of St Albans
2 reasons location is suitable
City in Hertfordshire, north-west of London
-Local area, easy to travel to, walkable size of CBD
Hypothesis def?
A statement linked to geography that will be tested through fieldwork investigation
2 hypotheses
-Highest order shops are in inner core of CBD where land value is highest
-High intensity of use in inner core of CBD e.g pedestrians
Primary data def?
Secondary data def?
Quantitative data def?
Qualitative data def?
Collected first-hand from main sources
Collected second-hand from primary researchers
Numerical data
Detailed descriptions
3 methods of data collection
Environmental quality survey
Pedestrian count
Questionnaire
Environmental quality survey
Describe?
Explain?
Ads and dis?
Walk around each of the 4 sites for 5 mins, give score from -3 to +3 in dif categories e.g litter
Overview of how well maintained it is
Ad- assesses many factors in one score
Dis- based on opinion
Pedestrian count
Describe?
Explain?
Ads and dis?
Two people on each side of pavement, another person times 1min, count how many people pass through, repeat 3 times calculate average
Show busiest areas
Ad- quantitative, no bias
Dis- easy to miscount
Questionnaire
Describe?
Explain?
Ads and dis?
4 questions to ask members of public, ask 3 people in each area
Show locals’ opinions
Ad- locals more knowledgeable
Dis- time consuming
Closed questionnaire def?
Ad & dis?
Question that allows for few answers, e.g yes/no
Ad- easy to plot, compare results
Dis- not detailed
Open questionnaire def?
Ad & dis?
Question that encourages long answers
Ad- detailed
Dis- hard to compare
Systematic sampling
Def?
How we used it?
Ads & dis?
Samples at regular intervals
Every other building on street for land use
Ad- Less errors as it is simple
Dis- Could be affected due to distribution of shops
Stratified sampling
Def?
How we used it?
Ad & dis?
Taking a pattern into account
4 sites across CBD
Ad- Can make comparisons between areas
Dis- Time consuming to plan
Random sampling
How we used it?
Ad & dis?
Approaching people for questionnaires
Ad- representative
Dis- unconscious bias occurs
2 hazards, their risks and preventions?
Hit by a car, could be injured, stay on one side of the road, avoiding crossing
Getting lost, could be dangerous, stay in groups of 3 or more
3 methods of data presentation
Compound bar graph, radar graph, pie chart
Compound bar graph
Showed?
Ads & dis?
Land use, different types of shops in each area
Ad- quickly see mode of each area, show multiple types of shops in one bar
Dis- hard to see specific numbers, hard to plot
Radar graph
Showed?
Ads & dis?
Environmental quality, scores on noise, safety, green space
Ad- easy to see outliers, compare the overall best area
Dis- overlapping data can be confusing, confusing to plot
Pie chart
Showed?
Ads & dis?
Cleanliness on scale of 1-10
Ads- easy to see mode, can compare with colour codes
Dis- only show one area, can be confusing if many options
2 types of secondary data used and what they showed
Census data- low number of residents in CBD, as more shops
Crime data- higher crime rate in centre, as more people visit
3 conclusions drawn?
Link to enquiry question?
-Highest commercial land use in inner core, number of shops is greater in inner core
-High pedestrian count in inner core, more shops in inner core so more people visit
-Best maintained buildings found in inner core, higher order shops in centre, high land value
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to its true value
Reliability
How easy to be repeated
Validity
How suitable the method is
Measurement error def and example?
Mistakes made when collecting data
Miscounting pedestrians, misinterpreting types of shops
Operator error def and example?
Differences in results collected by dif people
Different opinions on environment quality, asking questions in dif ways
Sampling error def and example?
When a sample is biased
Approaching people based on appearance
