UCSP Flashcards
It refers to the changes, modifications, and variations in the genetics and inherited traits or biological populations from one generation to another
Biological Evolution
It refers to the changes or development in cultures from a simple form to a more complex form of culture.
Cultural Evolution
The evolution of species happens through the process of
Natural Selection
Every species is made up of variety of individuals wherein some are adopted to their environments compared to others
Variations
Organisms produce progeny with different sets of traits that can inherited.
Heritability
The general term used to categorize the group of early humans and other humanlike creatures that can walk erect during the prehistoric period.
Hominids
They are also known as “Ape on the Ground”.
Ardipithecus
They are called as “The Southern Ape”
Australophitecus
They are classified as humans and not humanlike creatures because they had bigger brains were bipedal.
Homo
It has a brain half the size of modern human.
Homo Habilis
They invented hand axe tools for chopping and digging
Homo Erectus
Two or more people interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity
Social Group
These are small, intimate and less specialized group
Primary Group
Examples of these particular group are, families, factions, play groups, and friendship groups.
Primary Group
A large and impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity
Secondary Group
Industrial workers, business associates, faculty staff, and company employees are some examples of this certain group.
Secondary Group
A cross between primary and secondary groups.
Intermediate Group
A member can identify him/himself within that group & which individuals feel at home.
In-Groups
A social unit to which individuals do not belong due to differences in social categories and with which they do not identify.
Out-Groups
Groups to which we consciously or unconsciously refer when we evaluate our life situations and behavior but to which we do not necessarily belong.
Reference Group
series or web of social ties involving people or groups of individuals connected to each other.
Network
Groups which are organized to meet the specific interest of the members.
Special interest groups
Groups assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot done by one person.
Task Groups
Groups organized to support or influence social actions.
Influence/Pressure Groups
Their goals are clearly stated & the division of labor is based on member’s ability or merit
Formal Groups
An administrative structure which is aimed to enable members to meet their goals
Bureaucracy
Arises spontaneously out of interactions of two or more persons; it is unplanned.
Informal Groups
It is defined as a type of social institution that unites people by blood, kinship or alliance one group within a society.
Family
According to him, family is a group of individuals wherein the relationship is based on consanguinity and kinship.
Kingsley Davis
He defined family as an institution that passes down cultural traditions of a society to the next generations.
Bronilow Nalinowski
Families that include the other members of the kinship group such as uncles, grandparents, and cousins.
Extended Family
These relationships achieved by birth or blood affinity.
Consanguineal
Biological relationship between parents and offspring.
Descent
The line where one’s descent is traced.
Lineage
Tracing the affiliation of a person through descent of only one sex,
Unilineal Descent
Descent is identified by tracing the ancestry of an individual by his or her relatives from the men, sons or fathers of the families in the ancestry line.
Patrilineal
The union of a couple through legal and socially acceptable means.
Marriage
The practice of marrying a specific ethnic group, class or social group, rejecting others on such a basis as being unsuitable for marriage or for the close relationships.
Endogamy
The practice of marrying outside group, class or social group, which is very common in modern societies
Exogamous
The marriage of sexual partnering practice where the individual has only one male or female partner or mate
Monogamy
A man that has a multiple partner or wife.
Polygyny
A woman that has a multiple partner/husband.
Polyandry
A man marries several sisters
Sororal polygyny
In a _______ kinship is traced through both ancestral lines of the mother and father.
Bilateral Descent
It involves issues like allocation of political roles, leveis of political integration, concentration of power and authority, mechanisms of social control and resolving conflicts
Political Organization
It is usually a very small, oftentimes nomadic group that is connected by family ties and is politically independent.
Band
It is a combination of smaller kin or non-kin groups, linked by a common culture, that usually act as one.
Tribe
A political unit headed by a chief, who holds power over more than None community group.
Chiefdom
It is a political unit that has sovereignty.
STATE
It consists of a distinct population of people bound together by a common culture, history, and tradition who are typically concentrated within a specific geographic region
Nation
TYPES OF FAMILY:
- NUCLEAR FAMILY
- EXTENDED FAMILY
- EXTENDED FAMILY
- SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY
- BLENDED FAMILY
KINSHOP BY BLOOD:
- CONSANGUINEAL
- DESCENT
- LINEAGE
- UNILINEAL
- GROUPS
- BILATERAL DESCENT
- PATRINEAL
- MATRILINEAL
AFFINAL KINSHIP
- ENDOGAMY
- EXOGAMY
- MONOGAMY
- POLYGAMY
