UCSF Pharmacology/Pain/Infection Control

Question 1

Define Sterilization

Answer 1

Destruction of all forms of microbial life (bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores)

Question 2

Define Disinfection

Answer 2

Inhibition or destruction of pathogens except for spores**

Question 3

Parameters for Moist Heat Sterilization

Answer 3

Boiling at 100 C or higher (denatures proteins)

- Steam (pressurized) 121 C at 15 psi of pressure for 15-20 minutes

Question 4

Parameters of Dry Heat Sterilization

Answer 4

• *Less effective than moist heat
• Dry heat oven 160 C for 2 hours or 170 C for 1 hour
• Rapid heat transfer (forced air convection units) 190 C for 12 minutes wrapped

Question 5

Parameters for Unsaturated chemical vapor (Chemiclave)

Answer 5

131 C at 20 psi for 20-40 minutes

- Uses ethanol or formaldehyde

Question 6

Examples of high level disinfectants

Answer 6

gluteraldehyde
ethylene oxide
hydrogen peroxide vapor

Question 7

Examples of medium level disinfectants

Answer 7

Formaldehyde
Chlorine alcohol
phenols
iodophors

Question 8

Examples of low level disinfectants

Answer 8

quaternary ammonia, detergents

- Kill bacteria but not non-lipid or lipid viruses or TB

Question 9

If you cannot use heat to sterilize the instrument, you should use what?

Answer 9

Hydrogen peroxide vapor (gas vapor sterilant)

Question 10

What is the difference between Sterilization vs. Disinfection

Answer 10

Sterilization kills spores

Question 11

Surgical instruments that are heat sensitive can be sterilized with what?

Answer 11

Vaporized hydrogen peroxide

Question 12

T/F Sterilization will kill all viruses, bacteria, and spores

Answer 12

True

Question 13

How long do you keep records for needle sticks?

Answer 13

5 years

Question 14

Name the 3 drugs that cause gingival enlargement

Answer 14

Procardia
Dilantin
Cyclosporin

Question 15

When is the peak pain during orthodontic tx?

Answer 15

The day after the adjustment

Question 16

Name 2 types of drugs that inhibit tooth movement

Answer 16

1. Bisphosphonates
2. Prostaglandin Inhibitors
   
   • Corticosteroids & NSAIDs

Question 17

What type of drug Increases tooth movement

Answer 17

• Prostaglandin (PGE)

Question 18

What is the pharmacologic mechanism by which NSAIDs might slow down tooth movement

Answer 18

Inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which then decreases inflammatory response needed for bone resorption

Question 19

T/F, Thyroxine and parathyroid hormone decrease/have inhibitory effect on the rate of tooth movement

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Why is there a greater break down of bone in patients with gingival inflammation?

Answer 20

Higher Prostaglandin Levels

Question 21

According to federal law, you are supposed to keep records on staff for how long?

Answer 21

30 years

Question 22

T/F

• NSAIDS decrease prostaglandins
• A decrease in prostaglandins causes the pain threshold to increase and that is how you get analgesia

Answer 22

True

True

Question 23

Does Tylenol have an effect on orthodontic tooth movement

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Name three things that increase orthodontic tooth movement

Answer 24

1. Corticosteroids
2. Parathyroids
3. Thyroxine

Question 25

What is a standard prophylaxis protocol?

Answer 25

2g Amox 1 hour prior to procedcure

Question 26

What if someone is allergic to amox and you need to premedicate for band removal?

Answer 26

give 600mg of clindamycin 1 hour prior to procedure

Question 27

What are the side effects of amphetamines?
Or…
Amphetamines exert adrenergic effects by?

Answer 27

Vasoconstriction (constrict arteries)

Pupil dilation

Question 28

If a patient has a history of endocarditis, what do you give them prior to procedure?

Answer 28

2 grams of amoxicillin 1 hour before

Question 29

What indications would warrant premedication?

Answer 29

Band Placement

Previous hx of infective endocarditis

Question 30

T/F, You should give prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation

Answer 30

False, you do not need to give