UCSF Pharmacology/Pain/Infection Control Flashcards
Define Sterilization
Destruction of all forms of microbial life (bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores)
Define Disinfection
Inhibition or destruction of pathogens except for spores**
Parameters for Moist Heat Sterilization
Boiling at 100 C or higher (denatures proteins)
- Steam (pressurized) 121 C at 15 psi of pressure for 15-20 minutes
Parameters of Dry Heat Sterilization
- *Less effective than moist heat
- Dry heat oven 160 C for 2 hours or 170 C for 1 hour
- Rapid heat transfer (forced air convection units) 190 C for 12 minutes wrapped
Parameters for Unsaturated chemical vapor (Chemiclave)
131 C at 20 psi for 20-40 minutes
- Uses ethanol or formaldehyde
Examples of high level disinfectants
gluteraldehyde
ethylene oxide
hydrogen peroxide vapor
Examples of medium level disinfectants
Formaldehyde
Chlorine alcohol
phenols
iodophors
Examples of low level disinfectants
quaternary ammonia, detergents
- Kill bacteria but not non-lipid or lipid viruses or TB
If you cannot use heat to sterilize the instrument, you should use what?
Hydrogen peroxide vapor (gas vapor sterilant)
What is the difference between Sterilization vs. Disinfection
Sterilization kills spores
Surgical instruments that are heat sensitive can be sterilized with what?
Vaporized hydrogen peroxide
T/F Sterilization will kill all viruses, bacteria, and spores
True
How long do you keep records for needle sticks?
5 years
Name the 3 drugs that cause gingival enlargement
Procardia
Dilantin
Cyclosporin
When is the peak pain during orthodontic tx?
The day after the adjustment
Name 2 types of drugs that inhibit tooth movement
- Bisphosphonates
- Prostaglandin Inhibitors
- Corticosteroids & NSAIDs
What type of drug Increases tooth movement
- Prostaglandin (PGE)
What is the pharmacologic mechanism by which NSAIDs might slow down tooth movement
Inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which then decreases inflammatory response needed for bone resorption
T/F, Thyroxine and parathyroid hormone decrease/have inhibitory effect on the rate of tooth movement
False
Why is there a greater break down of bone in patients with gingival inflammation?
Higher Prostaglandin Levels
According to federal law, you are supposed to keep records on staff for how long?
30 years
T/F
- NSAIDS decrease prostaglandins
- A decrease in prostaglandins causes the pain threshold to increase and that is how you get analgesia
True
True
Does Tylenol have an effect on orthodontic tooth movement
No
Name three things that increase orthodontic tooth movement
- Corticosteroids
- Parathyroids
- Thyroxine
What is a standard prophylaxis protocol?
2g Amox 1 hour prior to procedcure
What if someone is allergic to amox and you need to premedicate for band removal?
give 600mg of clindamycin 1 hour prior to procedure
What are the side effects of amphetamines?
Or…
Amphetamines exert adrenergic effects by?
Vasoconstriction (constrict arteries)
Pupil dilation
If a patient has a history of endocarditis, what do you give them prior to procedure?
2 grams of amoxicillin 1 hour before
What indications would warrant premedication?
Band Placement
Previous hx of infective endocarditis
T/F, You should give prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without regurgitation
False, you do not need to give
