2015 pt. 1

Question 1

Difference between ameloblast and odontoblast

Answer 1

Ameloblast: Lays down enamel
Odontoblast: Lays down dentin

Question 2

What makes a stem cell a stem cell?

Answer 2

Pleuripotent and ability to self-replicate

In other words, be able to self-renew and differntiate into at least 3 different cell types

Question 3

T/F
Prostaglandins inhibit tooth movement.
They make pain fibers less likely to fire

Answer 3

False (Promote tooth movement)

False (More likely to fire)

Question 4

T/F

Thyroxine and parathyroid hormone decrease/have inhibitory effect on rate of tooth movement

Answer 4

False. Promote tooth movement

Question 5

Decreased bone loss in presence of active perio disease is due to what?

Answer 5

The inflammatory response prevents osteoblast activity and only osteoclasts are active

Question 6

Why is there a greater break down of bone in patients with gingival inflammation?

a. Osteoporosis
b. Higher prostaglandin levels
c. Higher phosphatase levels

Answer 6

b. Higher prostaglandin levels

Question 7

During orthodontic tooth movement, which of the following cells are not present in the hyalinized zone?

a. Cementoblasts
b. PMN’s
c. Macrophages
d. Fibroblasts
e. Osteoclasts

Answer 7

Osteoclasts

Question 8

T/F
Osteoclasts are from hematogenous origin
Osteoblasts from mesenchyme

Answer 8

True

True

Question 9

Which of the following doesn’t affect gingival response and fibroblasts?

Answer 9

Neocytokine

Question 10

T/F

PDL regenerates twice as much as gingiva

Answer 10

False, same turnover

Question 11

Which of the following does not increase during tooth movement

a. IL-1
b. Interferon gamma
c. TNF-beta
d. Neocytokine

Answer 11

Neocytokine

Does not increase and therefore not involved in gingival response or found in gingival turnover

Question 12

Which gingival fibers are responsible for orthodontic relapse

Answer 12

Supracrestal

Question 13

T/F

Collagen fibers in the PDL are inelastic

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Tongue comes from which branchial arch?

Answer 14

1st and 3rd

2nd arch atrophies

Question 15

At what week in embryo does the tongue form?

Answer 15

4 weeks

Question 16

What does the lateral nasal process form?

Answer 16

The alae of the nose

Question 17

What processes make up the primary palate

Answer 17

Maxillary and Medial nasal processes

Question 18

What processes make up the secondary palate?

Answer 18

Outgrowth of maxillary process –> palatal process

Question 19

The median nasal process forms what structures?

Answer 19

Intermaxillary segment -->philtrum of upper lip
Primary palate (with maxillary process)

Question 20

The maxillary process forms what structures?

Answer 20

Cheeks, Lateral aspects of upper lip

Primary palate & Secondary palate

Question 21

Failure of closure of what processes causes cleft palate?

Answer 21

Maxillary and medial nasal processes

Question 22

A study found that pregnant women supplemented with 0.4 mg of folic acid displayed what percentage decrease in occurrence of cleft lip/palate?

Answer 22

20-35% (20-50% or 33%)

Question 23

Primary palate forms at what week in embryo

Answer 23

6-9 weeks

Question 24

Frontonasal process gives rise to what structures?

Answer 24

Forehead
Bridge of nose
Columella of nose
ALa of nose
Philtrum
Primary palate

Question 25

Frontonasal process does NOT give rise to?

Answer 25

Maxillary process Vermillion border Lateral Lip Secondary Palate

Question 26

What structure does the lateral nasal process and maxillary process form?

Answer 26

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 27

Meckel's carilage gives rise to?

Answer 27

Incus and Malleus of inner ear | Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 28

The first branchial arch forms what structures? a. Maxilla and Mandible b. Maxilla c. Ear and eye d. Hyoid bone (2nd and 3rd)

Answer 28

Maxilla and Mandible

Question 29

What structures arise from the secondary cartilage in the mandible

Answer 29

Head of the Condyle Coronoid process Symphyseal or mental protuberances

Question 30

At what age does the mandible of mandibular symphysis fuse?

Answer 30

1 year

Question 31

Describe bony chin remodeling

Answer 31

Lingual symphyseal deposition | *Deposition on internal symphysis on the lingual* another way of saying it

Question 32

Resorption pattern of the maxilla? | As maxilla grows down and forward, where does it resorb?

Answer 32

Superior and anterior

Question 33

Where is there bone deposition on the maxilla?

Answer 33

Posterior and inferior

Question 34

The key ridge models in what direction?

Answer 34

Downwards and backwards

Question 35

What happens on the orbital floor and nasal floor during growth?

Answer 35

Bone apposition: Orbital floor (it models upward during growth) Bone resorption: Nasal floor (models downward)

Question 36

Which of the following does not provide growth of the head a. Synostosis b. Cranial valut C. Cranial base

Answer 36

Synostosis

Question 37

Tranlsational growth is due to what?

Answer 37

Capsular matrix

Question 38

How do sutures grow?

Answer 38

Periosteal

Question 39

Is suture growth unidirectional?

Answer 39

NO

Question 40

What determines the main growth of the cranium?

Answer 40

Soft tissue determines

Question 41

What is true for sutural growth?

Answer 41

Apposition of bone

Question 42

When does the Spheno-ethmoidal synostoses close?

Answer 42

7-8 years

Question 43

What is not correct? a. Intersphenoid closes at birth b. Sphenoethmoidal closes at 7-8 years c. Sphenoccipital closes at 12-14 years

Answer 43

a. Intersphenoid closes at birth

Question 44

Closure of what synchondrosis/suture indicates completion of the cranial base?

Answer 44

Spheno-occipital

Question 45

What marks the start of adolescence?

Answer 45

Hypothalamus

Question 46

Which bone allows other to slide past each other during growth?

Answer 46

Lacrimal bone

Question 47

When does the permanent first molar calcify/mineralize?

Answer 47

At birth

Question 48

The primary second molar is most commonly found in what position/occlusal relationship?

Answer 48

Flush Terminal plane

Question 49

``` T/F Distal step turns into class 2 Flush terminal plane turns into class 2 or 1 ```

Answer 49

True | True

Question 50

Agenesis of the third molars occurs how often?

Answer 50

20%

Question 51

All of the following are true regarding transposition except? a. maxillary predisposition b. is associated with crowding c. most common in maxillary arch is 3-4 d. most common in mandibular arch is 3-2

Answer 51

b. is associated with crowding Not accurate