U9.3 BETA LACTAMS SUMMARY TABLE Flashcards
Penicillins
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
Penicillin G
Penicillin
Used for Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis
Penicillin G
Penicillin
added stability to staphylococcal β-lactamase, biliary clearance
Nafcillin, oxacillin
Penicillin
Greater activity versus Gram-negative bacteria; addition of β-lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many β-lactamase-producing bacteria
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin
Cephalosporins
Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases
Cefazolin
Cephalosporins
Oral, first-generation drug used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections
Cephalexin
Cephalosporins
Second-generation drug, improved activity versus pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae
Cefuroxime
Cephalosporins
Second-generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections
Cefotetan, cefoxitin
Cephalosporins
Third-generation drug, good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins
Third-generation drug, poor Gram-positive activity, good activity versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ceftazidime
Cephalosporins
Active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, broad Gram-negative activity not including Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ceftaroline
Carbapenems
Used against serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis
Imipenem-cilastatin
Carbapenems
Similar activity to imipenem
Meropenem, doripenem
Carbapenems
lacks activity versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter
Ertapenem
Monobactams
Infections caused by aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins
Aztreonam
Glycopeptide
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D- Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide
Bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria, slower kill than β-lactam antibiotics
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide
Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria including sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide
Used to treat C difficile colitis (oral formulation)
Vancomycin
Glycopeptide
similar to vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Lipopeptide
Binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death
Daptomycin
Lipopeptide
Infections caused by Gram- positive bacteria including sepsis and endocarditis
Daptomycin
Lipopeptide
more rapidly bactericidal than vancomycin
Daptomycin
inactivated by pulmonary surfactant so cannot be used to treat pneumonia
Daptomycin
Toxicity leads to red man syndrome
Vancomycin
