U9.3 BETA LACTAMS SUMMARY TABLE

Question 1

Penicillins

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

Answer 1

Penicillin G

Question 2

Penicillin

Used for Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis

Answer 2

Penicillin G

Question 3

Penicillin

added stability to staphylococcal β-lactamase, biliary clearance

Answer 3

Nafcillin, oxacillin

Question 4

Penicillin

Greater activity versus Gram-negative bacteria; addition of β-lactamase inhibitor restores activity against many β-lactamase-producing bacteria

Answer 4

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin

Question 5

Cephalosporins

Prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibiting cell wall transpeptidases

Answer 5

Cefazolin

Question 6

Cephalosporins

Oral, first-generation drug used for treating skin and soft tissue infections and urinary tract infections

Answer 6

Cephalexin

Question 7

Cephalosporins

Second-generation drug, improved activity versus pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 7

Cefuroxime

Question 8

Cephalosporins

Second-generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections

Answer 8

Cefotetan, cefoxitin

Question 9

Cephalosporins

Third-generation drug, good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, and gonorrhea

Answer 9

Ceftriaxone

Question 10

Cephalosporins

Third-generation drug, poor Gram-positive activity, good activity versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 10

Ceftazidime

Question 11

Cephalosporins

Active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, broad Gram-negative activity not including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 11

Ceftaroline

Question 12

Carbapenems

Used against serious infections such as pneumonia and sepsis

Answer 12

Imipenem-cilastatin

Question 13

Carbapenems

Similar activity to imipenem

Answer 13

Meropenem, doripenem

Question 14

Carbapenems

lacks activity versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter

Answer 14

Ertapenem

Question 15

Monobactams

Infections caused by aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins

Answer 15

Aztreonam

Question 16

Glycopeptide

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D- Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

Answer 16

Vancomycin

Question 17

Glycopeptide

Bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria, slower kill than β-lactam antibiotics

Answer 17

Vancomycin

Question 18

Glycopeptide

Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria including sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis

Answer 18

Vancomycin

Question 19

Glycopeptide

Used to treat C difficile colitis (oral formulation)

Answer 19

Vancomycin

Question 20

Glycopeptide

similar to vancomycin

Answer 20

Teicoplanin

Question 21

Lipopeptide

Binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death

Answer 21

Daptomycin

Question 22

Lipopeptide

Infections caused by Gram- positive bacteria including sepsis and endocarditis

Answer 22

Daptomycin

Question 23

Lipopeptide

more rapidly bactericidal than vancomycin

Answer 23

Daptomycin

Question 24

inactivated by pulmonary surfactant so cannot be used to treat pneumonia

Answer 24

Daptomycin

Question 25

Toxicity leads to red man syndrome

Answer 25

Vancomycin