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2S PC & TC > U2.3 DRG CONCENTRATION & RESPONSE : QDRC + DRG METABOLISM > Flashcards

U2.3 DRG CONCENTRATION & RESPONSE : QDRC + DRG METABOLISM Flashcards

1
Q

Graph of the fraction of a population that shows a specified response to increasing doses of a drug.

A

Quantal Dose Response Curve

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2
Q

Minimum dose required to produce a specific response is determined by each member of the population.

A

Quantal Dose Response Curve

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3
Q

Curve seen in a Quantal-Dose Response Curve

A

Sigmoid Curve

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4
Q

50% of the individuals/population manifested the
desired therapeutic effect.

A

ED50

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5
Q

Median effective dose

A

ED50

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6
Q

Median toxic dose

A

TD50

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7
Q

50% of the individuals manifested the toxic effects.

A

TD50

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8
Q

Median lethal dose

A

LD50

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9
Q

Ratio of the TD50 (or LD50) to the ED50 determined from the quantal dose-response curves.

A

Therapeutic Index

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10
Q

Represents an estimate of the drug safety.

A

Therapeutic Index

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11
Q

↑ Therapeutic Index = ___ Safety

A

↑ Safety

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12
Q

↑ Safety = ____ toxic dose, ______ effective dose

A

↑ toxic dose, ↓ effective dose

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13
Q

Dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration or dose (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration or dose (MTC)

A

Therapeutic Window

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14
Q

More clinically relevant index of safety

A

Therapeutic Window

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15
Q

Maximal effect (Emax) an agonist can produce if the dose is taken to very high levels.

A

Maximal Efficacy

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16
Q

Determined mainly by the nature of receptors and their associated effectors.

A

Maximal Efficacy

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17
Q

Measured with a graded dose-response curve but not with the quantal dose-response curve.

A

Maximal Efficacy

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18
Q

Amount of drug needed to produce a given effect.

A

Potency

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19
Q

Curve used when the effect chosen is 50% of the maximal effect and the dose is (EC50)

A

Graded dose-response curve

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20
Q

Curve used when ED50, TD50, and LD50 are variables in 50% of the population.

A

Quantal dose-response curve

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21
Q

Variation of Drug Response

caused by differences in metabolism and immunologic mechanisms

A

Idiosyncratic Response

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22
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Response to the drug is unknown or unusual, and needs to be reported

A

Idiosyncratic Response

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23
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Intensity of the drug is decreased compared with the effect seen in normal reactions

A

Hyporeactive Response

24
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Large dose of the drug is needed to have an effect

A

Hyporeactive Response

25
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Intensity of the drug is increased or exaggerated compared
with the effect seen in normal reactions

A

Hyperreactive Response

26
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Tolerance develops after a few doses

A

Tacyplaxis

27
Q

Variation of Drug Response

Decreased sensitivity acquired as a result of frequent exposure (several doses) to the drug

A

Tolerance

28
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

Decreases drug absorption, inhibits drug distribution, increases elimination of drug

A

Alteration in concentration of the drug

29
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

variation occurs when foreign/exogenous ligands are introduced

A

Variation in the concentration of the endogenous ligands in antagonistic ptterns

30
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

Down Regulation and Up Regulation

A

Alteration in number/function of receptors

31
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

decrease in the number of receptors

A

Down Regulation

32
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

increase in the number of receptors

A

Up Regulation

33
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

When drug has been taken for a long time, then abruptly discontinued

A

Overshoot phenomenon/Rebound hypertension

34
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

Propranolol

A

Overshoot phenomenon/Rebound hypertension

35
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

cAMP, cGMP may lead to varied drug response

A

Changes in 2nd messengers

36
Q

Reason of Varied Drug Responsiveness

Give the drug that really acts on the disease of the
patient

A

Clinical Sensitivity

37
Q

T/F Drug causes a single effect only

A

False

38
Q

T/F Drugs are selective but never specific

A

T

39
Q

2 factors under Clinical Sensitivity in relation to their Beneficial and Toxic Effects

A
  1. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by the Same receptor-effector mechanism
  2. Beneficial and Toxic Effects mediated by Identical receptors in Different Tissue / Pathways
40
Q

MORSE T/F Beneficial effects occur when the drug binds to the correct receptor on the intended tissue. Toxic effects occur when the drug binds to the same receptor on the wrong tissue.

A

Both T

41
Q

How to avoid toxic effects

A
  • Give low doses
  • Carefully monitor the patient
  • Employ ancillary procedures
  • Use a safer drug
42
Q

Low doses for prevention of blood clots, very high doses cause internal bleeding

A

Heparin

43
Q

Give lowest dose possible, has anatomic selectivity

A

Steroids

44
Q

Beneficial and toxic effects mediated by different types of receptors :

H1R - H1 blocker
H2R - H2 blocker

A

Antihistamine

45
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

1+1 = 2

A

Additive

46
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Response elicited by combined drugs is equal to the combined response of individual drugs.

A

Additive

47
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Sedative (used for sleeping due to its effect by relaxing the brain) + ethanol (depressant)

A

Additive

48
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

1+1=3

A

Synergistic

49
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Response elicited by combined drugs is greater than the combined responses of each individual.

A

Synergistic

50
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Penicillin G & Gentamicin

A

Synergistic

51
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

0+1=2

A

Potentiation

52
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Drug which has no effect enhances the effect of the
second drug.

A

Potentiation

53
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Cimetidine + anticoagulant

A

Potentiation

54
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

1+1=0

A

Antagonism

55
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Drug inhibits the effect of another drug.

A

Antagonism

56
Q

Types of Drug Interactions

Heparin (anticoagulant) + protamine
(procoagulant)

A

Antagonism

2S PC & TC (17 decks)

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