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2S PC & TC > U9.1 BETA LACTAMS > Flashcards

U9.1 BETA LACTAMS Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor:

for Gram (+) organisms, Gram (-) cocci, and Gram (-) rods

A

Penicillins

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2
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor:

High activity in staphylococci & streptococci

A

Antistaphylococcal penicillins

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3
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor:

High activity in Gram (-) rods

A

Extended-spectrum penicillin

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4
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor:

Orally administered but is not impaired by food

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor: (2)

For delayed absorption

A

Benzathine & Procaine

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6
Q

Identify the beta lactam inhibitor: (3)

Acid-stable and well-absorbed

A

Dicloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxocillin

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7
Q

Identify the penicillin:

For streptococci, meningococci, enterococci

A

Penicillin G

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8
Q

Identify the penicillin:

For T. pallidum, Clostridium sp., Actinomyces, spirochetes

A

Penicillin G

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9
Q

Identify the penicillin:

Oral form (PO)

A

Penicillin V

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10
Q

Route of Administration:

Benzathine & Procaine

A

IM

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11
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin:

Better absorbed orally

A

Amoxicillin

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12
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin: (2)

Most active against pneumococci

A

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

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13
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin:

For bacterial sinusitis, otitis, LRTI

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin:

For shigellosis and anaerobes, enterococci, but NOT active against Klebsiella sp., Enteroacter sp., P. aeruginosa, Citrobacter sp.

A

Ampicillin

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15
Q

T/F: Ampicillin is no longer used for empirical UTI & typhoid fever

A

T

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16
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin: (3)

Broaden spectrum against Gram (-) such as P. aeruginosa

A

Carboxypenicilline, carbenicillin, ticarcillin

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17
Q

Identify the extended-spectrum penicillin: (2)

For Gram (-) such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa

A

Ureidopenicillin, Piperacillin

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18
Q

Piperacillin is often combined with ___

A

Tazobactam

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19
Q

B-lactamase inhibitors in combination w/ ampicillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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20
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Neutropenia & nephritis

A

Nafcillin

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21
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Hepatitis

A

Oxacillin

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22
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin

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23
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Skin rashes with Eipstein-Barr

A

Ampicillin + Amoxicillin

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24
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin

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25
Q

Which antibiotic gives this adverse effect:

Acute kidney injury

A

Piperacillin-Tazobactam w/ Vancomycin

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26
Q

B-lactamase inhibitor combined with:

Ceftolozane

A

Tazobactam

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27
Q

B-lactamase inhibitor combined with:

Ceftazidime

A

Avibactam

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28
Q

Cephalosporin for:

Community-acquired pneumonia

A

Ceftaroline fosamil
Cefuroxime

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29
Q

T/F: Cephalosporins are active against L. monocytogenes

A

F

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30
Q

Other beta lactams:

Against aerobic Gram (-) such as P. aeruginosa with NO activity against Gram (+) and anaerobes

A

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

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31
Q

T/F: Aztreonam penetrates the CSF

A

T

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32
Q

Other beta lactams:

No cross allergenicity with penicillins

A

Aztreonam

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33
Q

T/F: Aztreonam has no cross allergies with penicillin but may have cross allergies with ceftazidime

A

T

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34
Q

T/F: The antibacterial action of b-lactamase inhibitors is comparable with penicillins

A

F (weak antibacterial action)

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35
Q

They protect hydrolyzable penicillins

A

B-lactamase inhibitors

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36
Q

Imipenem is often combined with ___ because it can be inactivated by dehydropeptidase in renal tubules

A

Cilastatin

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37
Q

Carbapenems not hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase in renal tubules

A

Doripenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem

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38
Q

Carbapenems less likely to cause seizures

A

Doripenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem

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39
Q

Carbapenem not effective against P. aeruginosa & Acinetobacter

A

Ertapenem

40
Q

Carbapenem with the longest half life

A

Ertapenem

41
Q

Effective for Gram (-) rods, Gram (+) organisms, and anaerobes

A

Carbapenems

42
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Derived from Amycolatopsis orientalis

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminus

A

Vancomycin

44
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

For gram (+) bacteria and lacks gram (-) penetration

A

Vancomycin

45
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Synergistic with gentamicin & streptomycin against E. faecium & E. faecalis

A

Vancomycin

46
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

For bloodstream infections, endocarditis from MRSA

A

Vancomycin

47
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Combined with cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and rifampin for meningitis caused by pen-resistant pneumoniae

A

Vancomycin

48
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Causes phlebitis at the site of injection

A

Vancomycin

49
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Causes ototoxicity rarely and nephrotoxicity regularly

A

Vancomycin

50
Q

ROA of vancomycin

A

IV

51
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Long half-life

A

Teicoplanin

52
Q

ROA of teicoplanin

A

IM/IV

53
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide derivative of vancomycin

A

Telavancin

54
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Potentially teratogenic

A

Telavancin

55
Q

Glycopeptide antibiotics:

Derivatives (2) of teicoplanin

A

Dalbavancin, Oritavancin

56
Q

ROA of Dalbavancin & Oritavancin

A

IV

57
Q

Dalbavancin/Oritavancin:

Longer infusion

A

Oritavancin

58
Q

How many hours of infusion is required for Oritavancin?

A

3

59
Q

How many hours of infusion is required for Dalbavancin?

A

30 mins

60
Q

Dalbavancin/Oritavancin:

MOA: disruption of RNA synthesis alongside disruption of cell membrane permeability

A

Oritavancin

61
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Novel cyclic lipopeptide fermentaton

A

Daptomycin

62
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

More rapid bactericidal than vancomycin

A

Daptomycin

63
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Bind to Ca2+ and depolarize the cell with K+

A

Daptomycin

64
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Should not be used vs. pneumonia as it is a surfactant antagonist

A

Daptomycin

65
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Inhibits early cell wall synthesis

A

Fosfomycin

66
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

For both gram (+) and gram (-)

A

Fosfomycin

67
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Safe for pregnancy

A

Fosfomycin

68
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Cyclic peptide of Bacillus subtilis

A

Bacitracin

69
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Vs. Gram (+)

A

Bacitracin

70
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Highly nephrotoxic

A

Bacitracin

71
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Poorly absorbed; used as topical

A

Bacitracin

72
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Streptmyces orchidaceous

A

Cycloserine

73
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Mostly used against TB

A

Cycloserine

74
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

Structural analog of D-Alanine

A

Cycloserine

75
Q

Other cell wall/Membrane-Active agents:

CNS toxicity w/ headaches, tremors, acute psychosis, & convulsions

A

Cycloserine

76
Q

Causes “red man” syndrome

A

Vancomycin

77
Q

1st line drug against T. pallidum (syphillis)

A

Benzathine + Penicillin G

78
Q

Causes Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn.

A

Penicillins

79
Q

ROA:

Methicillin

A

IM/IV

80
Q

ROA:

Penicillin G

A

IM/IV

81
Q

ROA:

Penicilline V

A

PO

82
Q

ROA:

Nafcillin

A

IM/IV

83
Q

ROA:

Oxacillin

A

IM/IV

84
Q

ROA:

Dicloxacillin

A

PO

85
Q

ROA:

Ampicillin

A

PO/IM/IV

86
Q

ROA:

Piperacillin & Ticarcillin

A

IV

87
Q

Often combined with amoxicillin

A

Clavulanic acid

88
Q

ROA:

Cephalexin

A

PO

89
Q

ROA:

Cefazolin

A

IM/IV

90
Q

ROA:

Cefuroxime

A

PO

91
Q

First to be effective vs. H. influenzae but was replaced by cefuroxime

A

Cefamandole

92
Q

ROA:

Cefaclor

A

IV/IM

93
Q

ROA:

Cefoxitin, Cefotetan

A

IV/IM

94
Q

Often combined with ampicillin

A

Sulbactam

95
Q

Often combined with meropenem

A

Avorbactam

2S PC & TC (17 decks)

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