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0839 GSELF > U3 | Western Thought vis-a-vis Eastern Thought > Flashcards

U3 | Western Thought vis-a-vis Eastern Thought Flashcards

1
Q

Central to the western traditions is their idea of the — which is their model of the soul.

A

psyche

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2
Q

Western tradition’s model of the soul

A

psyche

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3
Q

Western thought believes in the duality of — and the — which means that these two are separate entities.

A

body
soul

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4
Q

According to Plato, the soul inhabited the world of (1), while the body descended to the world of the (2).

A
  1. ideas
  2. sensible
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5
Q

The human person is composed of matter/body and form/soul.

A

Hylemorphic Theory

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6
Q

Who formulated the Hylemorphic Theory?

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

Matter: changeable
— : remains

A

Form

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8
Q

Who formulated the Dualistic View?

A

Rene Descrates

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9
Q

The body gathers information through the senses while it is the reason that processes all information and makes sense with experiences of the body.

A

Dualistic view

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10
Q

Descartes believed that the body and soul is fused in the —.

A

pineal gland

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11
Q

The western concept of the self is very much anchored on the individuality of the —.

A

psyche

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12
Q

According to the western concept, the individual self is always in a struggle to reconcile the connection between the — and the —

A

ideal self
limited self

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13
Q

The understanding of the self is a lifetime effort for —

A

selfperfection

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14
Q

The development of the self from — to — is given importance in this western way of thinking.

A

conception
death

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15
Q

The purpose of the self is to live the (1) of the soul. This selfperfection is called by the
Greeks as (2).

A
  1. ideals
  2. arete
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16
Q

The ultimate goodness, perfection, or excellence

A

arete (by the Greeks)

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17
Q

Other term for Easterners

A

Orientals

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18
Q

They have no issue on dualism. They see the self as one entity. The body and soul is always one self.

A

Easterners/ Orientals

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19
Q

Polytheistic religion from India

A

Hinduism

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20
Q

Hinduism - According to
the (1) the (2) is the true self because it is unchanging and it is identical to (3), the only one reality.We can realize true selfhood when we surrender to the all-embracing (3).

A
  1. Advaita monistic doctrine
  2. atman
  3. Brahman
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21
Q

Not a religion but a way of life

A

Buddhism

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22
Q

The tenets of Buddhism is based on the teaching of a man named (1) who is known as the “Buddha” or (2).

A
  1. Siddhartha Gautama
  2. “enlightened one”
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23
Q

Buddhism claims that there is no self because it is considered as nothing but an — and — of inner consciousness

A

evolution
transformation

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24
Q

There is no permanent self to talk about because everything is changing

A

Buddhism

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25
Q

Philosopher who ascertained Chinese civilization by establishing social order

A

Confucius

26
Q

He believed that the society has primacy over the individual person.

A

Confucius

27
Q

A person within the society who exhibits refinement and compassion.

A

The self

28
Q

The ideal person for Confucius

A

junzi

29
Q

What is junzi translated as?

A

a gentleman or superior man

30
Q

The new self formed in the right education under the virtuous teacher as the role model.

A

junzi

31
Q

Central in the educational formation of junzi

A
  1. humanistic learning
  2. refined personal manners
  3. capacity to govern the community wisely and with compassion.
32
Q

It brings to life the virtues of the ancestors to the new order of the society.

A

junzi

33
Q

The transmitter of the ancient virtues to the new world

A

Self

34
Q

2 Important concepts of Confucian Philosophy

A
  1. Li
  2. Ren
35
Q

What did the word “Li” originally meant?

A

sacrifice

36
Q

It is better understood as a refined manner of spiritual rituals and sacrifices, and protocols in honoring the ancestors. The virtuous self must be able to practice the correct customary procedures and protocols governing all of life.

A

Li

37
Q

The character of the self that sincerely shows compassion for others.

A

Ren

38
Q

What does Taoism represent?

A

Chinese counterculture

39
Q

The good life for the — is the simple life, spontaneous, in harmony with nature, unencumbered by social regulation, and free from the desire to achieve social ascendancy.

A

Taoists

40
Q

They are are champions of individuality and individual freedom.

A

Taoists

41
Q

This disavows a hierarchical view of the self, society, or cosmos.

A

Taoism

42
Q

According to Taosim, the self is not an extension of, and not defined by (1). The self is but one of the countless manifestations of the Tao. It is an extension of the (2).

A
  1. social relationships
  2. cosmos
43
Q

The — speaks of knowing others as being wise, and of knowing oneself as being enlightened. This implies a differentiation between the self and others.

A

Tao De Ching

44
Q

It is the philosophical attitude of being identified with the Tao— an attitude that leads to acceptance of both life
and death. It encompasses both tranquility and activity. When this attitude is attained, the distinction between “I” and “other” disappears.

A

Selfishness

45
Q

Meaning of Ubuntu

A

humanness

46
Q

This is from the Ubuntu philosophy of Africa. A Zulu proverb says “a person is a person through other persons”. Thus, we are all brothers and sisters and people need reconciliation with others to realize this philosophy

A

African Ubuntu Philosophy

47
Q

Which philisophy emphasized the unity of a nation – the chosen people of God. This is basically a communal perspective of the self shared by eastern traditions.

A

Judeo-Christian Philosophies

48
Q

— shares similar perspective with Judeo-Christian Philosophies

A

Islam

49
Q

They believe in the importance of community over the individual.

A

Islam

50
Q

Highlights the oneness of Allah and the inclusivity of Islam as a religion

A

Islamic Traditions

51
Q

The (1) philosophy is more attuned to the collective dimension of the self, compared to the (2) individualistic ideals of the self

A
  1. Eastern
  2. Western
52
Q

Characteristics of the Western social construct of the self

A
  1. Individualistic self
  2. Self-sufficiency
  3. Rational self
53
Q

An autonomous self and the goal of the person is to achieve the goals set by himself/herself.

A

Individualistic self

54
Q

The self is seen as capable of meeting its need without external assistance.

A

Self-sufficiency

55
Q

The self is constantly rational and reasonable. It relies on logic and reason to understand the world.

A

Rational self

56
Q

The Eastern construct is primarily viewed as (1) and is always grounded on (2).

A
  1. collectivistic
  2. nature
57
Q

Eastern traditions are firmly based on how the self relates with (1), (2), and (3).

A
  1. with others
  2. with the Divine being
  3. with nature
58
Q

The eastern traditions are known for their (1) and (2) constructs

A
  1. communal
  2. spiritual
59
Q

The western traditions developed a construct of being (1), (2), (3), and (4).

A
  1. individualistic
  2. self-reliant
  3. rational
  4. scientific
60
Q
A

0839 GSELF (12 decks)

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