U1 | Ancient and Medieval Philosophies

Question 1

What is the self according to the ancient and medieval philosophies?

Answer 1

Ancient and Medieval Philosophies view and understand the self as a perfection of the soul via self examination and self-control.

Question 2

Philosophers under Ancient and Medieval

Answer 2

Socrates
Plato
St. Augustine

Question 3

Ancient Greek philosophers believed that the soul is the (1), and was also regarded as the (2)

Answer 3

1. essence of man
2. self

Question 4

The soul is also called the —

Answer 4

psyche

Question 5

What are the 2 Delphic maxims?

Answer 5

1 Know Thyself (imperative)
2 Self-Control (requirement)

Question 6

When and where were the Delphic Maxims carved out?

Answer 6

temple of Apollo, 6th century

Question 7

It is imperative to know the limits of the self so that one knows what one is capable of doing and what one is not

Answer 7

Know Thyself

Question 8

Requirement for self-moderatin, prudence, good judgement, and excellence

Answer 8

Self-control

Question 9

The ethics in knowing thyself brings the person to the excellence of the sould which is believed by the ancient Greeks as the essence of the person. Therefore, to know thyself is to:
(3)

Answer 9

1. achieve moderation
2. choose what is good
3. bring excellence to the soul

Question 10

Socrates’ quoted principle

Answer 10

“The unexaminde life is not worth living”

Question 11

What was Socrates regarded as?

Answer 11

Father of Western Philosophy

Question 12

Socrates left no writings but he was described by his detractors called (1), and his followers namely (2,3,4)

Answer 12

1. Aristophanes
2. Xenophon
3. Plato
4. Aristotle

Question 13

According to Socrates, of all knowledge, this is the core and essece

Answer 13

Knowledge of the self

Question 14

Process where students learn thru the use of critical thinking, logic, and reasoning

Answer 14

Socratic method

Question 15

2 techniques under socratic method

Answer 15

1. Ironic process
2. Maieutic process

Question 16

Living an examined life means: (4)

Answer 16

• having self-knowledge
• being dignified with values and integrity
• having and applying wisdom
• recognizing ignorance

Question 17

What is the meaning of true knowledg according to Socrates?

Answer 17

“To know, is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of true knowledge”

Question 18

What was said to be Plato’s original name?

Answer 18

Aristocles

Question 19

The word “Plato” comes from?

Answer 19

Greek word “breadth”

Question 20

Plato was Socrates’ student for how many years?

Answer 20

8 yrs

Question 21

Where and at what age did Plato die?

Answer 21

Athens, 80yrs old

Question 22

Plato’s quoted principle

Answer 22

“Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.”

Question 23

3 elements of the psyche according to Plato

Answer 23

1. Appetitive
2. Spirited
3. Mind

Question 24

One’s pleasures, desires, physical satisfactions, and comforts. It basically holds all those relevant to sustaining a comfortable environment.

Answer 24

Appetitive

Question 25

The motivated element, which fights back to ensure that the
appetitive is controlled.

Answer 25

Spirited

Question 26

The most superior element of the psyche, which controls how the self is expressed. To do this, it controls the appetitive and spirited elements, thus striking a balance between the two and resulting in more realistic behavior.

Answer 26

Mind

Question 27

The mind was referred by Plato as the — which refers to the conscious awareness of the self

Answer 27

“nous”

Question 28

Plato’s unifying belief which tells us that truth is objective, and results from beliefs which have been rightly justified. Therefore, knowledge is justified in true belief.

Answer 28

Theory of Knowledge

Question 29

This is the concept of believing wrongly about the most important things in one’s life (according to Plato)

Answer 29

True Lie or Lie in the Soul

Question 30

He succumbed to vices and pleasures of the world until his conversion to Christianity

Answer 30

St. Augustine

Question 31

Where was St. Augustine born?

Answer 31

Tagaste, Africa

Question 32

What was St. Augustine’s quoted principle?

Answer 32

“This is the very perfection of man; to find out his own imperfections.”

Question 33

For St. Augustine, the self develops through (1) and (2)

Answer 33

1. self-presentation
2. self-realization