U1 | Ancient and Medieval Philosophies Flashcards
What is the self according to the ancient and medieval philosophies?
Ancient and Medieval Philosophies view and understand the self as a perfection of the soul via self examination and self-control.
Philosophers under Ancient and Medieval
Socrates
Plato
St. Augustine
Ancient Greek philosophers believed that the soul is the (1), and was also regarded as the (2)
- essence of man
- self
The soul is also called the —
psyche
What are the 2 Delphic maxims?
1 Know Thyself (imperative)
2 Self-Control (requirement)
When and where were the Delphic Maxims carved out?
temple of Apollo, 6th century
It is imperative to know the limits of the self so that one knows what one is capable of doing and what one is not
Know Thyself
Requirement for self-moderatin, prudence, good judgement, and excellence
Self-control
The ethics in knowing thyself brings the person to the excellence of the sould which is believed by the ancient Greeks as the essence of the person. Therefore, to know thyself is to:
(3)
- achieve moderation
- choose what is good
- bring excellence to the soul
Socrates’ quoted principle
“The unexaminde life is not worth living”
What was Socrates regarded as?
Father of Western Philosophy
Socrates left no writings but he was described by his detractors called (1), and his followers namely (2,3,4)
- Aristophanes
- Xenophon
- Plato
- Aristotle
According to Socrates, of all knowledge, this is the core and essece
Knowledge of the self
Process where students learn thru the use of critical thinking, logic, and reasoning
Socratic method
2 techniques under socratic method
- Ironic process
- Maieutic process
Living an examined life means: (4)
- having self-knowledge
- being dignified with values and integrity
- having and applying wisdom
- recognizing ignorance
What is the meaning of true knowledg according to Socrates?
“To know, is to know that you know nothing. That is the meaning of true knowledge”
What was said to be Plato’s original name?
Aristocles
The word “Plato” comes from?
Greek word “breadth”
Plato was Socrates’ student for how many years?
8 yrs
Where and at what age did Plato die?
Athens, 80yrs old
Plato’s quoted principle
“Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledge.”
3 elements of the psyche according to Plato
- Appetitive
- Spirited
- Mind
One’s pleasures, desires, physical satisfactions, and comforts. It basically holds all those relevant to sustaining a comfortable environment.
Appetitive
The motivated element, which fights back to ensure that the
appetitive is controlled.
Spirited
The most superior element of the psyche, which controls how the self is expressed. To do this, it controls the appetitive and spirited elements, thus striking a balance between the two and resulting in more realistic behavior.
Mind
The mind was referred by Plato as the — which refers to the conscious awareness of the self
“nous”
Plato’s unifying belief which tells us that truth is objective, and results from beliefs which have been rightly justified. Therefore, knowledge is justified in true belief.
Theory of Knowledge
This is the concept of believing wrongly about the most important things in one’s life (according to Plato)
True Lie or Lie in the Soul
He succumbed to vices and pleasures of the world until his conversion to Christianity
St. Augustine
Where was St. Augustine born?
Tagaste, Africa
What was St. Augustine’s quoted principle?
“This is the very perfection of man; to find out his own imperfections.”
For St. Augustine, the self develops through (1) and (2)
- self-presentation
- self-realization
