U1 | Contemporary Philosophies

Question 1

What view does contemporary philosophies present?

Answer 1

The Contemporary philosophical perspectives present a wide variety of theories that could be used in understanding the self. Much of these is more relatable and relevant in today’s world.

Question 2

Philosopohers in the contemporary era

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud
Gilbert Ryle
Paul and Patricia Churchland
Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Question 3

Gilbert Ryle was an Analytic Philosopher who was an important figure in the field of — which focuses on the solving of philosophical puzzles through an analysis of language

Answer 3

Linguistic Analysis

Question 4

Gilbert Ryle’s quoted principle

Answer 4

“I act, therefore I am”

Question 5

He was the - Founder of Psychoanalysis, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious forces

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud

Question 6

Where was Sigmund Freud born?

Answer 6

Freiburg, Moravia (Czechoslovakia)

Question 7

Freud’s two models in understanding the self

Answer 7

1. Topographical model
2. Structural model

Question 8

There are things about the self that one knows and is aware of, and at the same time, there are those that one does not know and is unaware of.

Answer 8

Topographical model

Question 9

The topographical model explains how the “I“ is both conscious and unconscious. What illustration did Freud use to represent this?

Answer 9

Iceberg Theory

Question 10

One is aware of thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. These are easily identified and known by the person

Answer 10

Conscious level

Question 11

Those that one is able to easily remember and bring into awareness, such as usual memories and stored knowledge.

Answer 11

Subconscious level

Question 12

Houses those that one has either repressed or forgotten. it consists of those which are unacceptable, undesirable, or painful

Answer 12

Unconscious level

Question 13

3 structures under Freud’s structural model

Answer 13

1. Id (pleasure principle)
2. Ego (reality principle)
3. Supergo (conscience principle)

Question 14

This is the primitive or instinctive component, which consists of one’s primal urges and wants.

Answer 14

Id

Question 15

The reality principle, and
balances the other two principles

Answer 15

Ego

Question 16

This synthesizes the values and morals of society, and includes one’s conscience.

Answer 16

Supergo

Question 17

Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s quoted principle

Answer 17

“I live in my body”

Question 18

Ponty was a French philosopher whose thinking was influenced by —

Answer 18

Edmund Husserl

Question 19

A concept that explains the perception of the self, and this involves three dimensions.

Answer 19

Phenomenological rhythm

Question 20

3 dimensions of the phenomenological rhythm

Answer 20

1. empiricist view
2. idealist-intellectual alternative
3. synthesis of both views

Question 21

Who brought neuroscience into the fore of understanding the self?

Answer 21

Paul and Patricia Churchland

Question 22

Churchlands’ quoted principle

Answer 22

“Brains are not magical; they are causal machines”

Question 23

This is the view that we new do develop a new, neuroscience-based vocabulary that will enable us to think and communicate clearly about the mind, consciousness, and human experience

Answer 23

Eliminative Materialism

Question 24

Patricia Churchland was known for her contributions to — and the philosophy of the mind

Answer 24

neurophilosophy

Question 25

Paul Churchland was a contemporary American philosopher and professor at the —

Answer 25

University of California, San Diego