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Nat 5 Biology > U2 Key Area 1- Producing New Cells > Flashcards

U2 Key Area 1- Producing New Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mitosis

A

Mitosis is the process of cell division where- by a mother cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

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2
Q

Where does mitosis occur

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What do mitosis provide

A

Provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues and replacement of dead or damaged cells

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4
Q

What do the daughter cells do in mitosis

A

The daughter cells will carry out the same function as the mother cell.

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5
Q

What are chromosomes

A

When two chromatids are joined together by a centromere it makes a chromosome.

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6
Q

What are chromosome made out of

A

DNA

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7
Q

How many chromosomes are in the human body

A

46 chromosomes

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8
Q

What are diploid cells

A

They are two sets of chromosomes. Each set has 23 chromosomes one from mum and one form dad

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9
Q

What are hapliod chromosomes

A

Haploid has 1 set of chromosomes

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10
Q

What is chromosome complement

A

A specific number of chromosome within a cell used on different species.

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11
Q

How does chromosome complement ensure that cells are provided with there specific characteristics

A

Since chromosomes provide the genetic information for each species, it is essential that each new cell receives a full complement of chromosomes

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12
Q

How does chromosome complement ensure that cells are provided with there specific characteristics

A

Since chromosomes provide the genetic information for each species, it is essential that each new cell receives a full complement of chromosomes

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13
Q

What is step 1 mitosis?

A

Nucleus contains long and coiled chromosome

Each chromosome double to form two identical chromatids

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14
Q

What is step 2 mitosis?

A

Chromosomes shorten and coil up.

Nuclear membrane starts to disappear.

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15
Q

What is step 3 mitosis?

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and spindle fibres attached to the centrometres

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16
Q

What is step 4 mitosis?

A

Pair of identical chromatids are pulled apart I spent the fibre to opposite pose of the cell

17
Q

What is step 5 mitosis?

A

The memory nuclear forms

cytoplasm divides

18
Q

What is step 6 mitosis?

A
19
Q

What are stem cells

A

Stem cells are unspecialised cells which can divide

20
Q

What can stem cells do? (2)

A
  • Self renew to make copies of themselves
  • differenate to make different types of cells
21
Q

What are the 2 types of stem cells

A
  • Embryonic
  • adult
22
Q

What are embryonic stem cells?

A
  • These are found in very early embryos.
  • They have the ability to develop into any type of
    cell the body requires.
23
Q

What are adult stem cells

A
  • There are sometimes called tissue stem cells and dont have the same regenerative powers as embryonic stem cells.
24
Q

What happens to many cells

A

In organisms all cells have exactly the same genetic information but many become specialised to perform a particular function.

25
Q

Where are sperm cells found

A

Testes

26
Q

What’s the function of sperm cells

A

Swims to fertilise an egg

27
Q

What is the structure of a sperm cell

A
  • has a tail to swim to eg
  • has enzymes in the head of the sperm to enter into the egg during fertilisation
28
Q

What’s cell specialisation

A

The cells undergo a process called specialisation to allow them to carry out different jobs more efficiently

29
Q

Where are red blood cells

A

In the blood

30
Q

What are the functions of red blood cells

A

Carries oxygen

31
Q

What’s the structure of a red blood cell?

A
  • Bioconcave to increase surface area.
  • contain haemoglobin which picks up oxygen.
  • NO NUCLEUS
32
Q

Where are root hair cells located

A

Plant cells

33
Q

What is the function of root hair cells

A

Absorb water and minerals

34
Q

What’s the structure of root hair cells

A
  • thin cell walls for water to pass through easily.
  • large surface area to increase absorption

Nat 5 Biology (17 decks)

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