U2 Key Area 1- Producing New Cells Flashcards
What is mitosis
Mitosis is the process of cell division where- by a mother cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells
Where does mitosis occur
Nucleus
What do mitosis provide
Provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues and replacement of dead or damaged cells
What do the daughter cells do in mitosis
The daughter cells will carry out the same function as the mother cell.
What are chromosomes
When two chromatids are joined together by a centromere it makes a chromosome.
What are chromosome made out of
DNA
How many chromosomes are in the human body
46 chromosomes
What are diploid cells
They are two sets of chromosomes. Each set has 23 chromosomes one from mum and one form dad
What are hapliod chromosomes
Haploid has 1 set of chromosomes
What is chromosome complement
A specific number of chromosome within a cell used on different species.
How does chromosome complement ensure that cells are provided with there specific characteristics
Since chromosomes provide the genetic information for each species, it is essential that each new cell receives a full complement of chromosomes
What is step 1 mitosis?
Nucleus contains long and coiled chromosome
Each chromosome double to form two identical chromatids
What is step 2 mitosis?
Chromosomes shorten and coil up.
Nuclear membrane starts to disappear.
What is step 3 mitosis?
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell and spindle fibres attached to the centrometres
What is step 4 mitosis?
Pair of identical chromatids are pulled apart I spent the fibre to opposite pose of the cell
What is step 5 mitosis?
The memory nuclear forms
cytoplasm divides
What is step 6 mitosis?
- Two daughter cells are formed each containing the diploid chromosome number
- The daughter cells are identical to each other and the parent cell
What are stem cells
Stem cells are unspecialised cells which can divide
What can stem cells do? (2)
- Self renew to make copies of themselves
- differenate to make different types of cells
What are the 2 types of stem cells
- Embryonic
- adult
What are embryonic stem cells?
- These are found in very early embryos.
- They have the ability to develop into any type of
cell the body requires.
What are adult stem cells
- There are sometimes called tissue stem cells and dont have the same regenerative powers as embryonic stem cells.
What happens to many cells
In organisms all cells have exactly the same genetic information but many become specialised to perform a particular function.
Where are sperm cells found
Testes
What’s the function of sperm cells
Swims to fertilise an egg
What is the structure of a sperm cell
- has a tail to swim to eg
- has enzymes in the head of the sperm to enter into the egg during fertilisation
What’s cell specialisation
The cells undergo a process called specialisation to allow them to carry out different jobs more efficiently
Where are red blood cells
In the blood
What are the functions of red blood cells
Carries oxygen
What’s the structure of a red blood cell?
- Bioconcave to increase surface area.
- contain haemoglobin which picks up oxygen.
- NO NUCLEUS
Where are root hair cells located
Plant cells
What is the function of root hair cells
Absorb water and minerals
What’s the structure of root hair cells
- thin cell walls for water to pass through easily.
- large surface area to increase absorption
