U13: Clinical Psychology: Treatment

Question 1

insight therapies

Answer 1

psychoanalytic and humanistic approaches

- insight into the cause of the problem is the primary key to eliminating the problem

Question 2

psychoanalysis

Answer 2

focuses on probing past defense mechanisms of repression and rationalization to understand the unconscious cause of a problem
keywords: free association, transference, countertransference

Question 3

free association (psychoanalysis)

Answer 3

the patient reports any and all conscious thoughts and ideas

Question 4

transference (psychoanalysis)

Answer 4

therapists strive to remain detached from the patience to encourage transference, which occurs when the patients shift thoughts and feelings about certain people or events onto the therapist

Question 5

countertransference (psychoanalysis)

Answer 5

when the therapist transfers his or her own feelings onto the patient

Question 6

humanistic approach

Answer 6

treats the patient as a client, looking to achieve their full potential

Question 7

client-centered therapy (carl rogers)

Answer 7

involves the assumption that clients can be understood only in terms of their own reality

Question 8

Gestalt therapy (fritz perls)

Answer 8

clients asked to physically “act out” psychological conflicts in order to make them aware of the interaction between mind and body

Question 9

behavioral therapy

Answer 9

contrast to insight therapy, short term process, treats symptoms because it’s believed that the disordered behavior is the problem and the symptom

Question 10

counterconditioning (behavioral)

Answer 10

a response to a given stimulus is replaced by a different response

Question 11

aversion therapy (behavioral)

Answer 11

type of counterconditioning, in which an aversive stimulus is repeatedly paired with the behavior that the client wishes to stop

Question 12

systematic desensitization (behavioral)

Answer 12

type of counterconditioning, in which mental images are laid out slowly getting more anxiety-producing; allows the patient to replace one response with another

Question 13

extinction procedures (behavioral)

Answer 13

designed to weaken maladaptive responses; flooding and implosion

Question 14

flooding (behavioral)

Answer 14

type of extinction procedure, which involves exposing a client to the stimulus that causes the undesirable response

Question 15

implosion (behavioral)

Answer 15

type of extinction procedure, in which the client imagines the disruptive stimuli

Question 16

behavioral contracting (behavioral)

Answer 16

type of operant conditioning, in which the therapist and the client draw up a contract by which they both agree to abide

Question 17

modeling (behavioral)

Answer 17

clients watch someone act in a certain way and then receive a reward; presumably, the client will then be disposed to imitate that behavior

Question 18

cognitive therapy

Answer 18

relies on changing cognitions, or the way people think about situations, in order to change behavior

Question 19

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) (cognitive)

Answer 19

the goal is to change the maladaptive thoughts and emotional responses by confronting the irrational thoughts directly

Question 20

cognitive therapy (aaron beck)

Answer 20

focus is on maladaptive schemas

Question 21

negative triad of depression(beck) (cognitive)

Answer 21

involves a negative view of self, of the world, and of the future; the view is learned thought experiences and then becomes a cycle of response that needs to be addressed through cognitive therapy

Question 22

arbitrary inference (cognitive)

Answer 22

part of the maladaptive schema, in which a person draws conclusions without evidence

Question 23

dichotomous thinking (cognitive)

Answer 23

part of the maladaptive schema, which involves all-or-none conceptions of situations

Question 24

biological therapies

Answer 24

medical approaches

Question 25

electroconvulsive therapy (biological)

Answer 25

where high voltages of electricity are passed across a patient’s head

Question 26

prefrontal lobotomy (biological)

Answer 26

1930s and 40s, parts of the frontal lobes are cut off from the rest of the brain

Question 27

psychopharmacology (biological)

Answer 27

treatment with drugs

four classes of psychotropic drugs: antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and lithium salts

Question 28

antipsychotics

Answer 28

reduce symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking the neural receptors for dopamine

Question 29

antidepressants

Answer 29

three types: monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective reuptake inhibitors

Question 30

MAO inhibitors

Answer 30

work by increasing the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft, by blocking monoamine oxidase (which breakdowns neurotransmitters)

Question 31

tricyclics

Answer 31

increase the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 32

selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 32

increase the amount of neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft by blocking the reuptake mechanism

Question 33

anxiolytics

Answer 33

depress the central nervous and reduce anxiety while increasing feelings of well-being and reducing insomnia

Question 34

lithium carbonate

Answer 34

treats bipolar disorder