U1: Foundations: History

Question 1

dualism

Answer 1

dividing the world and all things into two parts: body and spirit

Question 2

rene descartes

Answer 2

• dualist
• believed mind and body interact: mind controls the body and body provides mind with sensory input
• mind is not observable and isn’t subject to natural laws

Question 3

john locke

Answer 3

• application of natural laws to all things
• empiricism
• nurture over nature: emphasis on developement

Question 4

tabula rasa

Answer 4

locke’s blank slate

nothing is innate, all knowledge must be derived from experience

Question 5

thomas hobbes

Answer 5

believed idea of soul, spirit, and mind are meaningless

materialism: belief that only things that exist are matter and energy

Question 6

charles darwin

Answer 6

natural selection and evolutionary theory

Question 7

wilhelm wundt

Answer 7

• school of psychology in Leipzig, Germany
• student edward tichener: brought psychology to US
• structuralism

Question 8

structuralism

Answer 8

looking for patterns in thought, which are found though interview with a subject describing their conscious experience (introspection)

Question 9

william james

Answer 9

• american psychologist
• opposed structuralism
• focus on function of the mind, how it solves problems
• functionalism

Question 10

functionalism

Answer 10

study of how the mind fills it’s purpose, function-oriented approach

Question 11

biological

Answer 11

study the interaction between anatomy and physiology (nervous system) and behavior, practice with application of biological experimentation to psychological problems

Question 12

behavioral genetics

Answer 12

how behaviors may be attributed to genetically based psychological characteristics

Question 13

behavioralist

Answer 13

psychology is the study of observable behavior

• classical conditioning by Ivan Pavlov
• John Watson’s Little Albert experiment (classical conditioning)
• BF Skinner’s operant conditioning (Skinner Box)

Question 14

cognitive

Answer 14

how people think and solve problems

Question 15

humanistic

Answer 15

rooted in studying roles of consciousness, free will, and awareness of the human condition, emphasize personal values/goals and how they influence behavior

• Abraham Maslow’s self actualization: accepting yourself and your nature to reach your full potential
• Carl Rogers stressed unconditioned positive regard in interactions and the need for a positive self-concept to attain self-actualization

Question 16

sigmund frued

Answer 16

• distinction between conscious and unconscious mind
• id = primitive and instinctual part of the mind, sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories
• super-ego = moral conscience
• ego = realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego

Question 17

psychoanalytic

Answer 17

importance of early childhood experiences and a child’s relationship with their parents and the development of personality
- therapy focuses on resolution of unconscious conflict through repressed information

Question 18

sociocultural

Answer 18

the environment a person lives in has to do with how the person behaves, cultural values

Question 19

evolutionary

Answer 19

based on theories of darwin

behavior is explained in terms of how the behavior has been adapted for survival (i.e. fear)

Question 20

biopsychosocial

Answer 20

interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to a behavior or mental process

Question 21

domain

Answer 21

broad areas of psychological research