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AP Psychology > U11: Personality > Flashcards

U11: Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

a person’s enduring general style of dealing with others and with the world around them

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2
Q

psychodynamic

A

a psychological approach based on a marriage of Freudian concepts and modern ideas

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3
Q

free association

A

a therapist actively listens, while the patient relaxes and reports anything that comes to mind (psychoanalytic approach)

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4
Q

id

A

the source of mental energy and drive, encompasses all basic human needs and desires, operates on the pleasure principle

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5
Q

superego

A

the internal representation of all of society’s rules, morals, and obligations

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6
Q

ego

A

the part of the mind that allows a person to function and be logical, operates on the reality principle, an intermediary between id and superego

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7
Q

repression

A

memories or desires that provoke too much anxiety to deal with are pushed into the unconscious

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8
Q

displacement

A

directing anger away from the source of the anger to a less threatening person or object

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9
Q

reaction formation

A

the ego reverses the direction of a disturbing desire to make that desire safer or more socially acceptable

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10
Q

compensation

A

making up for failures in one area by success in others

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11
Q

rationalization

A

creating logical excuses for emotional or irrational behavior

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12
Q

regression

A

reverting to childish behaviors

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13
Q

denial

A

the refusal to acknowledge or accept unwanted beliefs or actions

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14
Q

sublimation

A

the channeling or redirecting of sexual or aggressive feelings into a more socially acceptable outlet

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15
Q

Karen Horney’s of basic anxiety

A

basic anxiety, the feeling of being alone in an unfamiliar or hostile world, is a central theme in childhood
the interactions between the child and the parent, as the child deals with this anxiety, form the basis for adult personality

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16
Q

Carl Jung

A

believed the mind comprises pairs of opposing forces

  • persona vs shadow
  • anima vs animus
  • self
  • personal unconsciousness and collective unconscious
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17
Q

persona vs shadow

A

persona: the mask a person presents to the outside world
shadow: the deep, passionate, inner person

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18
Q

anima and animus

A

we each have a female and male side to our personality

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19
Q

Jung’s “self”

A

self is the balancing force between the opposing forces of the mind

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20
Q

personal unconsiousness

A

comprise of repressed memories and clusters of thought

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21
Q

collective unconscious

A

behavior and memory common to all humans and passed down from our ancient and common ancestors

22
Q

archetypes

A

the behaviors and memories in the collective unconscious

23
Q

Alfred Adler

A

believed that all children develop feelings of inferiority because of their size and level of competence
failure to overcome this leads to an inferiority complex

24
Q

humanistic theories of personality

A

emphasize the uniqueness and richness of being human

25
Q

self-actualization

A

becoming, in a creative way, the person you are capable of being; the ultimate goal

26
Q

self-concept

A

our mental representation of who we feel we are

27
Q

incongruence

A

discrepancies between our self-concept and our actual thoughts and behavior (distort self-concept)

28
Q

conditions of worth

A

other people’s evaluations of our worth (distort self-concept)

29
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

(rogers) people should be loved despite failures

30
Q

social-cognitive theories

A

based on the assumption that cognitive constructs are the basis for personality

31
Q

Albert Bandura

A

self-efficacy and explanatory styles

32
Q

self-efficacy

A

a person’s belief about his or her own abilities in a given situation; the belief that you can do a task greatly increases the chances that you actually can do it

33
Q

explanatory styles

A

ways in which people explain themselves or react in different situations, can be positive or negative

34
Q

Julian Rotter’s locus of control theory

A

the extent to which people believe that their successes or failures are due to their own efforts plays a major role in personality

35
Q

internal locus of control

A

belief that success and failures are a direct results of their efforts

36
Q

external locus of control

A

attribute success or failure due to luck and chance

37
Q

trait theories

A

believe that traits are largely inherited and are mostly stable throughout our lives

38
Q

big five personality traits

A 
introversion - extroversion
neuroticism - stability 
agreeableness - antagonism
conscientiousness - undirectedness
openness - nonopenness
39
Q

nomothetic traits

A

(i.e. big five) thought to be universal

40
Q

idiographic traits

A

thought to be unique to the individual

41
Q

Gordon Alport

A

three types of traits:
cardinal traits: override a person’s whole being
central traits: the primary characteristics of the person
secondary traits: constitute interests

42
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

believed that 16 source traits were the basis of personality

43
Q

source traits

A

a person’s underlying characteristics

44
Q

surface traits

A

those readily seen in an individual

45
Q

self-esteem

A

how much we value ourselves

46
Q

self-understanding

A

has two parts: I and me

47
Q

the “me”

A

the physical self: our body, our name, etc.
the active self: how we behave
the social self: how we interact with others
the psychological self: our feelings and personalities

48
Q

the “I”

A

responsible for the coordination and interpretation of the four parts of “me”, how we perceive ourselves and allows us to reflect

49
Q

halo effect

A

the error by which we generalize a high self-evaluation from one domain to another

50
Q

social comparison theory

A

people can inflate their self-esteem by basing in reflective glory, which is when someone takes pride in the accomplishments of an individual or group that the person strongly affiliates within his or her life

51
Q

temperament

A

the early appearing set of individual differences in reaction and regulation that form the “nucleus” of personality

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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