U1 AOS 2 - Plasticity Flashcards
Neuroplasticity
the ability of neural networks in the brain to change as a result of
experience. It is most active in childhood, as the first few years of life are a time of rapid brain growth.
Synaptogenesis
the process of forming new synapses
Synaptic pruning
the elimination of unused synapses
LTP (Long-term potentiation)
Synaptic connections that are frequently used are strengthened.
LTD (Long-term depression)
Synaptic connections are not frequently activated, they become weaker
Types of Plasticity
Experience independent plasticity
Experience expectant plasticity
Experience dependent plasticity
Experience independent plasticity
involves brain changes that occur regardless of
experience.
Experience expectant plasticity
involves brain development triggered by specific
environmental cues that the brain expects to encounter at certain times. E.g. vision in
newborns
Experience dependent plasticity
involves the unique and personal brain changes that
take place when different situations occur. E.g. as a result of learning or experience
Rerouting
healthy neurons create alternative neural pathways when existing connections are lost
Sprouting
existing neurons form new axon terminals and dendrites to allow new connections to be made
What maximises brain function
Mental stimulation, diet and physical activity
Mental stimulation
Involves any activity that activates or enriches the mind. The types of
activities should be age-appropriate and can differ from person to person depending on what
they enjoy. Eg. puzzles, reading
Diet
Nutritious foods / colourful fruits / veggies
Physical activity
Regular physical activity and it should be suited to a person’s age
and physical ability and can include stretching, walking, gardening, swimming, dancing,
strength training or playing sport
