TYPES OF LTM Flashcards
What is Episodic memory?
Episodic Memory
Nature
Diary Memory of experiences and events linked to time and context
Spatial Referencing
Continuous temporal (Time) frame of reference (e.g. birthday party). Events related to time they occurred.
Time referencing
Memories aboUt events are linked to time that they occurred
Retrieval and Forgetting
Context-dependent recall on which the event was initially learned or experienced. Context aids retrieval. Contextual cue. Episodic memory can suffer transformation (Filling in gaps in knowledge using false ideas) which can change the memory.
What is semantic memory?
Semantic Memory
Nature Encyclopaedia Memory of words, meaning, facts, rules and concepts as organised body of knowledge.
Space referencing
Semantic memories can be input in a fragmentary way (Piecing together parts of information to form a more advanced point).
Time referencing
Independent of time referencing, detached from any temporal (Time) link.
Retrieval and Forgetting
Doesn’t use context
Inferences, generalisation, rational, logical thought. Retrieval possible without learning, doesn’t use cued recall
How do semantic and episodic memory interlink?
Episodic memory cannot work without Semantic memory (as we may need previous knowledge of facts,people, objects, events)
Semantic memory can work alone ( Don’t need to remember classroom that we learnt info in to remember information we learnt)
What is evidence for types of LTM?
Ostergaard
Ostergaard (1987) described a case of 10-year-old boy following brain damage following an anoxic episode , he suffered impairment to episodic and semantic memory, he made educational progress and was able to store some information in semantic memory.
What is evidence for types of LTM?
KF
KF suffered episodic memory impairment due to motorcycle accident resulting difficulty to form or recall new events in his life. Recollection of factual information was still intact, supports distinction of two LTM stores.
What is evidence for types of LTM?
Molaison
Henry Molaison (1957) suffered brain damage due to epilepsy surgery which involved removing hippocampus (part of his temporal lobe). He suffered antegrade amnesia which affected retention and recall of LTM info but could still perform tasks such as learning new skills.
