Types of Long-Term Memory Flashcards
What were the three types of long-term memory’s which Tulving proposed?
1) Episodic
2) Semantic
3) Procedural
Define an episodic memory:
When we consciously recall memories of events we have experienced.
- Remembering when, where and when it happened.
- A declarative memory.
Define a semantic memory:
Consciously recalling facts, definitions and knowledge we have accumulated across our lives.
- A declarative memory.
Define a procedural memory:
Unconsciously remembering how to perform actions and skills such as walking.
- A non-declarative memory.
Which study’s support Tulvings theory?
- Wearing and Molasion.
- Neuroimaging.
Outline Wearings + Molasion case study?
- Had damage to hippocampus.
- Lost ability to form long-term memories (not all).
- He had damage to episodic memory but not procedural.
What were the findings in Wearing and Molasions case study?
- They can still form new memories.
- Suggested that we have distinct memory stores for both episodic and procedural memories.
Outline the neuroimaging study:
Allows us to see parts of the brain which are active when recalling different types of information in the LTM.
What is active when recalling episodic memories? (Neuroimaging)
Our hippocampus.
What is active when recalling semantic memories? (Neuroimaging)
Our temporal lobe.
What is active when recalling procedural memories? (Neuroimaging)
Our cerebellum and motor cortex.
How is neuroimaging a support for Tulvings theory?
LTM memories are all stored in a different memory stores.
Who criticised Tulvings theory?
Squire and Zola.
What did Squire and Zola argue?
Episodic and semantic memories may not be distinct types of memories
Outline Squire and Zolas theory:
- Conducted studies on people who have long-term memory loss due to damage of their temporal lobe.
- Aimed to investigate what type of LTM loss they had.
