Types of Long-term Memory

Question 1

Episodic memory

Answer 1

A long term memory store for personal events

Question 2

What is stored in the episodic memory?

Answer 2

Memories of when the events occurred and of the people, objects, places and behaviours involved

Question 3

How are memories in the episodic memory retrieved?

Answer 3

Consciously and with effort

Question 4

Semantic memory

Answer 4

A long term memory store for our knowledge of the world

Question 5

What is stored in the semantic memory retrieved?

Answer 5

Recalled deliberately

Question 6

Procedural memory

Answer 6

A long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do things

Question 7

What is stored in the procedural memory?

Answer 7

Memories of learnt skills

Question 8

How are memories in the procedural memory retrieved?

Answer 8

Without making a consious or deliberate effort

Question 9

What did Endel Tulving realise?

Answer 9

The MSMs view of the long-term memory is too simplistic and inflexible

Question 10

Who proposed the idea of three LTM stores?

Answer 10

Endel Tulving in 1985

Question 11

What benefits does the semantic memory have over the episodic memory?

Answer 11

The memories stored are less vulneravle to distortion and forgetting

Question 12

What evidence is their to support three LTM stores?

Answer 12

The case studies of Henry Molars and Clive wearing

Question 13

What are the case studies of HM and Clive Wearing?

Answer 13

Their episodic memory was severly impaired because of brain damage. Their semantic memories were mostly unaffected, they understood the meaning of words. Their procedural memories were also fine, they both knew how to walk and talk, and Clive wearing knew how to read music, sing and plau the piano

Question 14

What do the case studies of HM and Clive Wearing show?

Answer 14

There are different memory stores in the LTM, as shown in these case studies when one is damaged the other two are unaffected

Question 15

What are the strengths of studying people with brain injuries?

Answer 15

It can help researchers understand how memory is supposed to work normally

Question 16

What are the limitations of studying people with brain injuries?

Answer 16

They lack control variables. The brain injuries were unexpected, so the researchers have no way of controlling the participants before or during the injury. They didnt know how well the participanrs memories were before the brain damage, so it is hard to know how the injury affected their memory

Question 17

What are the limitations with the research into the three types of LTM?

Answer 17

There is conflicting research

Question 18

What did Randy Bucker and Steven Peterson (1996) find?

Answer 18

The semantic memory is located in the left side of the prefrontal cortex and the episodic memory on the right

Question 19

What is Tylvings conflicting reseach for Bucker and Petersons findings?

Answer 19

The left prefrontal coretex is the episodic memory and the semantic is on the right

Question 20

What are the strengths of the understanding of the types of LTM?

Answer 20

It has real world applications - It allows psychologists to help people with memory problems

Question 21

What did Sylvia Belleville do (2006)?

Answer 21

Created an intervention that improves episodic memories in older people. The trained gorup of participants performed better on the episodic memory test than the control group

Question 22

What did John Hodges and Karalyn Patterson find?

Answer 22

Some people with Alzheimers could form new episodic memories but no semantic memories