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Behavioral Neuroscience > Types of Cells > Flashcards

Types of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

roundworm (c. elegans)

A

302 neurons

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2
Q

interneurons

A

neurons that process information between sensory & motor neurons

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3
Q

neurons

A

transmit information

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4
Q

glia

A

supporting cells

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5
Q

synapses

A

neurons communicate with each other

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6
Q

circuit

A

neurons organized in a precise order

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7
Q

sea slug (aplysia californica)

A

18,000 neurons
gill and siphon withdrawal reflex

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8
Q

rat (rattus norvegicus)

A

~50 million neurons
central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)
peripheral nervous system (sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric)

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9
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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10
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

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11
Q

enteric nervous system

A

controlling gut- how colon moves food and absorbs nutrients

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12
Q

human (homo sapiens)

A

~80 billion neurons
more neurons, more discrete brains regions, more complex circuits

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13
Q

building blocks

A

neurons
building blocks of nervous system and the element of processing information

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14
Q

connection of neurons

A

synapses to form circuits in all species

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15
Q

shared aspects of nervous system

A

shared across all species (sensory neurons) and especially closely related species (brain and spinal cord in mammals)

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16
Q

true or false?
in all animals, circuits formed by neurons drive behavior

A

TRUE

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17
Q

camillo golgi

A

staining technique to visualize entire neuron
thought neurons were continuous like tubing (NOT TRUE)

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18
Q

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

A

used Golgi’s method
thought neurons came close to each other but did not touch (TRUE)

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19
Q

neuron doctrine

A

each neuron is an independent unit
information must be transmitted across gaps between neurons (synapses)

20
Q

soma

A

cell body
integration zone
collecting information from many dendrites and integrate them

21
Q

neurites

A

axons & dendrites

22
Q

dendrites

A

branches

23
Q

spines

A

mushroom-shaped protrusions from dendrites

24
Q

dendrites/spines

A

a neuron has many
dendrites/spines from one neuron receive chemical signals from other neurons

25
Q

input zone

A

where information/signals are received

26
Q

mitochondria

A

produce energy
in the axon terminal-> takes a lot of energy to change signal from electrical to chemical

27
Q

cell nucleus

A

contains genetic material

28
Q

ribosomes

A

translates genetic instructions into proteins

29
Q

axon hillock

A

axon initial segment
final location where integration occurs and the decision to generate an electrical communication signal is made
most neurons have one axon hillock

30
Q

axon

A

conduction zone
most neurons have one axon
role #1: conduct electrical signal on the cell membrane
role #2: transport material between soma and axon terminal

31
Q

anterograde

A

to axon terminal

32
Q

retrograde

A

from axon terminal

33
Q

axon terminal

A

output zone
axon terminals from one neuron releases chemical signals onto many other neurons

34
Q

synaptic cleft

A

where the chemical signal was released

35
Q

pre-synaptic axon terminal

A

the beginning of the axon terminal before the synapse

36
Q

post-synaptic dendritic spine

A

part of a different neuron that is sent chemical signals by another neuron

37
Q

electrical

A

signal in neuron

38
Q

chemical

A

signal between neurons

39
Q

types of glial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes/Schwann cells
microglial cells

40
Q

astrocytes

A

star-shaped cells
monitor & support the metabolic & biochemical needs of neurons
regulate synaptic signaling as part of the “tripartite synapse”
help form the blood brain barrier by sitting between blood capillaries and neurons
react to brain injury (repair & scarring)

41
Q

microglia

A

brain immune cell
monitor local environment for threat or injury- monitor through branches
migrate to injury site to remove debris/dead cells

42
Q

oligodendrocytes & Schwann cells

A

insulate axons by wrapping myelin around them- white matter- myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes are in the central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)
Schwann cells are in the peripheral nervous system
protects the axon- less likely to be damaged

43
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in myelin sheath

44
Q

which of the following myelinate neurons in the central nervous system?
a. schwann cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes

A

c. oligodendrocytes

45
Q

summary of neurons

A

polarized
dendrites, soma, axon, axon hillock, axon terminals
synapses

46
Q

summary of glia

A

astrocytes
myelinating cells (oligodendrocytes and schwann cells)
microglia

Behavioral Neuroscience (19 decks)

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