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Behavioral Neuroscience > Parts of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Parts of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system is:

A

highly organized

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2
Q

true at all levels

A

gross anatomy (that which you can see by eye) to the microscopic level

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3
Q

the “parts” are important because

A

structure = function

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4
Q

rostral

A

anterior part of the brain

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5
Q

caudal

A

posterior part of the brain

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6
Q

dorsal

A

top part of the brain

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7
Q

ventral

A

bottom part of the brain

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8
Q

horizontal plane

A

cut from ear to ear
look down from above

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9
Q

sagittal

A

cut from up to down
dividing in half

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10
Q

coronal

A

cut brain in half at the crown of the brain

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11
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

all parts of the nervous system outside brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

divisions of PNS

A

nerves
ganglia

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14
Q

nerves

A

bundles of axons in PNS

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15
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies distributed throughout body (near spine or near organs)

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16
Q

PNS divided into

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves between brain/spinal cord and skeletal muscles/sensory organs

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves between brain/spinal cord and internal organs

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19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves send information from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord

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20
Q

nerves from brain/spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

A

voluntary movements

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21
Q

within a nerve

A

different axons carry sensory and motor information

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22
Q

spinal cord

A

travel separately in roots
dorsal root vs. ventral root
sensory nerves vs. motor nerves

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23
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary movements

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24
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight
norepinephrine

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25
Q

parasympathetic

A

relax/ rest and digest
acetylcholine

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26
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

often oppose each other
modulatory systems
increase or decrease functions but cannot run literal function

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27
Q

enteric nervous system

A

gut/digestive control

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28
Q

which nervous system gives rise to a fight-or-flight response?
a. parasympathetic
b. sympathetic

A

b. sympathetic

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29
Q

central nervous system responsible for

A
  • senses: vision vs. sight, etc.
  • initiating movement of your muscles vs. moving
  • higher-order behavior: attention, cognition, perception, thought, affect, mood
  • automatic life-essential function: breathing, hunger, thermoregulation, circadian rhythm
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30
Q

spinal cord

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves
- one nerves serves left side of body, the other the right
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

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31
Q

brain

A

cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
limbic system
basal ganglia
thalamus
hypothalamus
brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla)
cerebellum

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32
Q

cervical

A

neck

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33
Q

thoracic

A

trunk

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34
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

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35
Q

sacral

A

pelvic

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36
Q

coccygeal

A

tail bone

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37
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A
  • bipolar neuron
  • information from skin to spinal cord
  • sensory
38
Q

ventral root

A
  • cell bodies in ventral horn
  • send axon to effector muscle to make it move
  • motor
39
Q

the brain

A

sulcus and gyrus
folding pattern is organized

40
Q

sulcus

A

plural is sulci
a groove in the cerebral cortex

41
Q

gyrus

A

plural is gyri
matter between two grooves/wrinkles

42
Q

evolutionary trends

A

not all species have folds in their brain
dolphins have a more folded brain

43
Q

organization of the brain

A

brain regions do not generally function in isolation
most brain regions have many functions!

44
Q

cerebral cortex covers

A

most of the brain

45
Q

cerebral cortex has 4 lobes

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
46
Q

central sulcus

A

separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

47
Q

sylvian fissure

A

separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe

48
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

looking above the brain
rostral <-> caudal
splits down the center of the brain

49
Q

anatomy in the ventral part of the brain

A

olfactory bulb-> olfactory nerve
optic nerve-> optic chiasm
not a part of the cerebral cortex

50
Q

olfactory bulb

A

connects to olfactory nerve
sends out smell information into our brain

51
Q

optic nerve

A

optic chiasm (cross)

52
Q

coronal plane

A

gray and white matter

53
Q

gray matter

A

cell bodies and dendrites

54
Q

white matter

A

axons with white myelin sheath

55
Q

view along the sagittal plane: axon tracts

A

axons traveling together form a tract in the brain (vs. nerve in PNS)
brain regions communicate with each other via these tracts

56
Q

corpus callosum

A

axon tract that joins the two hemispheres

57
Q

grey matter is made up of?
a. myelinated axons
b. cell bodies and dendrites

A

b. cell bodies and dendrites

58
Q

cerebral cortex

A

complex thought and function

59
Q

parietal lobe

A

body’s sensory info, touch

60
Q

frontal lobe

A

movement, high-level cognition

61
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing, smell

62
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

63
Q

cerebral cortex

A

sensory cortex
motor cortex
associative cortex

64
Q

sensory cortex

A

processing sensory input
primary somatosensory cortex
visual cortex
auditory cortex

65
Q

motor cortex

A

generating motor responses
primary motor cortex

66
Q

homunculus

A

primary motor cortex
primary sensory cortex

67
Q

primary motor cortex

A

in front of the central sulcus

68
Q

primary sensory cortex

A

is behind the central sulcus

69
Q

associative cortex

A

integrate sensory inputs and help plan motor function
prefrontal cortex

70
Q

cytoarchitecture

A

different sub-regions, but similar structure

71
Q

apical (top) and basal (bottom) dendrites:

A

receive information

72
Q

layers 3 & 5 contain

A

pyramidal neurons

73
Q

pyramidal neurons

A

projection cells

74
Q

What is the part of the brain that processes vision?

A

occipital

75
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay station

76
Q

hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A

neurohormone center, biological rhythms, hunger/thirst, body temperature, sexual drive

77
Q

limbic system

A

emotion and learning

78
Q

limbic system includes

A

amygdala
hippocampus
cingulate gyrus

79
Q

amygdala

A

center for negative emotion, fear, anxiety

80
Q

hippocampus

A

learning and memory formation

81
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

attention

82
Q

basal ganglia

A

motor control

83
Q

basal ganglia includes

A

caudate
substantia nigra

84
Q

caudate

A

habit information

85
Q

substantia nigra

A

neurons that produce a neurotransmitter dopamine, Parkinson’s disease

86
Q

brainstem includes

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

87
Q

midbrain

A

visual and auditory information processing

88
Q

pons

A

motor control and sensory nuclei
cranial nerves

89
Q

medulla

A

brain to spinal cord
breathing and heart rate
cranial nerves

90
Q

cerebellum

A

fine motor control
gait, balance
muscle coordination

91
Q

What brain region is important for fear?
A. Hippocampus
B. Amygdala
C. Thalamus

A

B. Amygdala

Behavioral Neuroscience (19 decks)

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