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HEMATOLOGY (Topnotcher QT) > TYPES OF ANEMIAS > Flashcards

TYPES OF ANEMIAS Flashcards

memorization

1
Q

type of anemia caused by inadequate supplies of iron needed to synthesize hemoglobin

A

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

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2
Q

RBC morphology characteristics in iron deficiency anemia

A

microcytic, hypochromic

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3
Q

parasites that can cause IDA

A

hookworms (A. duodenale, N. americanus)
T. trichiura
Schistosome spp. (S. mansoni, S. Haematobium)

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4
Q

Poikilocytes that can be seen in IDA

A

ovalocytes, pencil forms

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5
Q

Type of anemia due to inability to use iron for hemoglobin production; impaired release of storage iron

A

Anemia of Chronic disease/inflammation

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6
Q

In ACD, hepcidin levels are _____

A

increased

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7
Q

Caused by blocks in the protoporphyrin pathway resulting in ineffective hemoglobin synthesis and iron overload

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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8
Q

Excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the immature erythrocyte in the bone marrow and encircles the nucleus

A

Ringed sideroblasts

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9
Q

Excess iron accumulates in the mitochondrial region of the mature erythrocytes in the circulation

A

Siderocytes

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10
Q

inclusions in the siderocyte using Prussian blue

A

Siderotic granules

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11
Q

inclusions demonstrated using wright stain

A

Pappenheimer bodies

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12
Q

RBC morphology characteristics in Sideroblastic anemia

A

Microcytic, hypochromic

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13
Q

A genetic disorder characterized by a primary, quantitative reduction of in globin chain synthesis

A

Thalassemia

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14
Q

RBC morphology characteristics in Thalassemia

A

microcytic, hypochromic

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15
Q

Poikilocyte that is found in Thalassemia

A

Target cells

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16
Q

also known as Cooley anemia

A

Beta thalassemia major

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17
Q

In Beta thalassemia major, there is a markedly decreased rate of synthesis or absence of _______ resulting in an excess of ________

A

absence of both beta chains;
excess of alpha chains

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18
Q

compensatory hb of beta thalassemia major

A

Hb F 90%

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19
Q

microscopic findings in beta-thalassemia major

A

target cells
teardrop cells (dacryocytes)
many nRBCs
basophilic stippling
howell-jolly bodies
pappenheimer bodies
heinz bodies

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20
Q

Thalassemia that has one normal beta chain, the other has been deleted or very weak in expression

A

Beta-thalassemia minor/minor heterozygous

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21
Q

Compensatory Hb in minor heterozygous beta-thalassemia

A

Hb A2 slightly increased

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22
Q

A thalassemia that is characterized by the deletion of all four alpha chains; no normal hemoglobin is produced

A

Alpha-thalassemia major

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23
Q

A disease caused by Alpha-thalassemia major

A

hydrops fetalis

24
Q

what abnormal hemoglobin is produced in alpha-thalassemia major

A

Bart’s Hb

25
Q

Hb Bart’s is comprised of ____ globin chains

A

4 gamma globin chains

26
Q

In Hb H disease, how many alpha genes are deleted

A

Three (3) alpha genes

27
Q

Hb H is comprised of ______ globin chains

A

Four (4) beta chains

28
Q

what RBC inclusion is formed in Hb H disease?

A

Heinz bodies (Hb H inclusion)

29
Q

What cell is demonstrated in the peripheral blood smear of a patient with Hb H disease that is stained using Brilliant Cresyl Blue stain (BCB)?

A

Golf ball cells

30
Q

Two alpha chains are deleted; patients are usually asymptomatic and discovered accidentally

A

alpha-thalassemia minor/trait

31
Q

Acquired anemia, characterized by multiple blocks in the protoporphyrin pathway

A

Lead poisoning

32
Q

what other enzyme is inhibited by lead which leads to the production of coarse basophilic stippling

A

5-nucleotidase

33
Q

Enzymes in the protoporphyrin pathway that is blocked by lead poisoning

A
  1. ALA dehydratase
  2. Ferrochelatase
34
Q

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias:

serum ferritin - decreased
serum iron - decreased or normal
TIBC- increased
Transferrin saturation - decreased
FEP/ZPP - increased

A

Iron deficiency anemia

35
Q

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias:

serum ferritin - increased or normal
serum iron - increased or normal
TIBC- normal
Transferrin saturation - increased or normal
FEP/ZPP - increased or normal

A

Thalassemia minor

36
Q

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias:

serum ferritin - increased or normal
serum iron - decreased
TIBC- decreased
Transferrin saturation - decreased
FEP/ZPP - increased

A

Anemia of chronic disease/inflammation

37
Q

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias:

serum ferritin - Normal
serum iron - variable
TIBC- Normal
Transferrin saturation -Increased
FEP/ZPP - increased

A

Lead Poisoning

38
Q

iron studies in microcytic, hypochromic anemias:

serum ferritin - increased
serum iron - increased
TIBC- decreased or Normal
Transferrin saturation - increased
FEP/ZPP - mixed

A

Sideroblastic anemia

39
Q

Defective DNA synthesis caused by abnormal nuclear maturation; caused by either a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia

40
Q

A term associated in megaloblastic anemia which means decreased in all cell types

A

pancytopenia

41
Q

RBC morphology characteristic in Megaloblastic anemia

A

Macrocytic, normochromic anemia with oval macrocytes and teardrop cells

42
Q

RBC inclusions that can be seen in megaloblastic anemia

A

Howell-jolly bodies
Pappenheimer bodies
nRBCs
basophilic stippling
CABOT RINGS

43
Q

an autoimmune disease wherein no intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the stomach due ti antibody destruction

A

Pernicious anemia

44
Q

what cell secretes gastrin?

A. Parietal cells
B. Chief cells
C. Endothelial cells
D. G-cells

A

D. G-cells

45
Q

What happens to vitamin b12 when there is no intrinsic production by the parietal cells?

A

vitamin b12 would not be absorbed an cause pernicious anemia (vit. b12 deficiency) because intrinsic factor is required for vit. b12 absorption in the ileum

46
Q

Test that detects pernicous anemia

A

Schilling’s test

47
Q

In Nonmegaloblastic anemia, erythrocytes are ____ in shape while in Megaloblastic anemia, erythrocytes are _______.

A

Nonmegaloblastic anemia - round
Megaloblastic anemia - oval

48
Q

Bone marrow failure causes pancytopenia

A

Aplastic anemia

49
Q

RBC morphology characteristics of aplastic anemia

A

Normocytic, normochromic

50
Q

In Fanconi anemia, the onset of hematologic abnormalities is <1 year of age. The bone marrow aspirate shows pancytopenia

A. the first statement is correct. the second statement is incorrect
B. both statements are correct
C. first statement is incorrect. the second statement is correct
D. both statements are incorrect

A

C.

  • Onset of hematologic abnormalities of Fanconi anemia is 5-10 years.
  • Diamond Blackfan anemia is <1year of age
  • Bone marrow aspirate in Fanconi anemia shows pancytopenia
51
Q

hypoproliferative anemia caused by replacement of bone marrow hematopoietic cells by malignant cells or fibrotic tissue

A

Myelophthisic Anema

52
Q

Important findings in myelophthisic anemia

A

Dacryocytes (teardrop cells)

53
Q

Poikilocytes can be found in the condition of uremia

A

Burr cells

54
Q

Characterized by a sudden loss of blood resulting from trauma or other severe forms of injury

A

Acute blood loss anemia

55
Q

Characterized by gradual long-term loss of blood; often caused by gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Chronic blood loss anemia

56
Q
A

HEMATOLOGY (Topnotcher QT) (12 decks)

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