ANEMIA Flashcards
memorization
Decreased RBC, Hb, and Hct; Result in a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and subsequent hypoxia
Anemia
Hypochromia grading; Area of central pallor is one-half of cell diameter
1+
Hypochromia grading: Area of pallor is three quarters
3+
Hypochromia grading: Area of pallor is two-thirds of cell diameter
2+
Hypochromia grading: 4+
Thin rim of hemoglobin
Polychromasia grading: Slight
1%
Polychromasia grading: 2+
5%
Polychromasia grading: 1+
3%
Polychromasia grading: 3+
10%
Polychromasia grading: 4+
> 11%
Numerical scale: Normal appearance of slight variation in erythrocytes
0
Numerical scale: only a small population of erythrocytes displays a particular abnormality. the terms INCREASED or FEW would be comparable
1+
Numerical scale: Severe increase in abnormal erythrocytes in each microscopic field; an equivalent descriptive term is MANY
3+
Numerical scale: More than occasional numbers of abnormal erythrocytes can be seen in a microscopic field: an equivalent descriptive term is MODERATELY INCREASED
2+
Numerical scale: The most severe state of erythrocytic abnormality, with the abnormality prevalent throughout each microscopic field; comparable terms are MARKED or MARKED INCREASE
4+
RBC indices which refer to the measure of average concentration of hemoglobin
MCHC
RBC indices which refer to the measure of average weight of hemoglobin
MCH
ROULEAUX GRADING: aggregates of 3-4 RBCs
1+/SLIGHT
ROULEAUX GRADING: 3+/MARKED
NUMEROUS AGGREGATES WITH ONLY FEW FREE RBCs
ROULEAUX GRADING: aggregates of 5-10 RBCs
2+/MODERATE
Derived from RBC histogram; coefficient of variation of the MCV
Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
RDW is _____ proportional to the degree of anisocytosis
Directly proportional
Which of the following is not a computed value by the machine?
A. RBC
B. RDW
C. HCT
D. MCHC
A. RBC
- RDW, HCT, MCHC along MCH are computed values by the machine.
- RBC, WBC, Platelets are directly measured by the machine (counted)
Term for size variation
Anisocytosis
Term for shape variation
Poikilocytosis
Term for hemoglobin content variation
Anisochromia
Most preferred collection site for bone marrow examination
Posterior superior iliac crest
For bone marrow differential count, at least _____ cells but preferably ______ cells must be counted
at least 500 cells; 1000 cells must be counted
Normal M:E ratio is
2:1 - 4:1 OR 3:1
Reflects body’s tissue iron storage; first test to become abnormal when iron stores begin to decrease
Serum ferritin
Measures the ability of trans ferrin to bind iron; indirect measure of transferrin
Transferrin Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)`
Transferrin saturation formula
TS = Serum Fe X 100/TIBC
Increased when Fe is deficient
Free Erythrocyrte protorporphyrin/ZEP (Zinc erythrocyte protoporphyrin)
Renal and hepatic function tests: in CKD = Elevated serum _____ and ____ + ______
CKD = Elevated Serum CREATININE and BUN + Anemia
Most commonly used RBC indices to evaluate anemia
- MCH
- MCHC
Test used to determine the mechanism of anemia, whether if it is due to increased RBC loss or Decreased production
Absolute Reticulocyte count
