TYPE OF EXP AO1 & AO3 Flashcards

1
Q

types of experimental methods

A
  • Conditions under which an experiment is carried at:

Dependent on:
oHow much control we have over IV
o How much control we have over extraneous variables

o Decision betweenreliability OR validity
o Lab, field, quasi + natural

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2
Q

Lab experiments

A
  • In environment that allows high degree of control over extraneous variables
  • e.g. skinners box
  • Controls variation of IV and measures change of DV
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3
Q

lab experiment ADVANTAGE

A
  • More confident of relationship between IV + DV being casual
  • High degree of control = method more easily reliable = method is reliable
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4
Q

lab experiment DISADVANTAGE

A
  • High degree of control = situation is artificial = lack ecological validity (do not reflect natural behaviour)
  • Lack mundane (everyday) realism
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5
Q

field experiments

A
  • In real world setting
  • Researcher still manipulates IV but little control over extraneous variables
  • Pts don’t know they are taking part in experiment
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6
Q

Field experiments ADVANTAGE natural environment + demand characteristics

A
  • More natural environment pp more comfortable therefore and behaviour is authentic results may be generalisable to everyday life
  • Pp are unaware they’re being studied so less likely to show demand characteristics they’ll behave normally the study has greater external validity
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7
Q

Field experiment DISADVANTAGE more difficult control over CV/DV + Ethical issues

A
  • more difficult control CV/EV, observed changes in the DV may be due to the IV, instead.
  • It is difficult to establish cause and effect than in the lab
  • There are ethical issues pp in a field experiment may not have given informed consent
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8
Q

Natural experiment

A
  • the exp doesn’t manipulate the IV - it changed however not made by the exp
  • someone or something else causes the IV to vary. (DV may be naturally occurring)
  • E.G exam results
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9
Q

Natural exp ADVANTAGE maybe only practical / ethical option + greater external validity

A
  • It may be unethical to manipulate IV e.g studying the institutionalsation of children
  • Natural experiments involve real world such as the effects of a natural disaster on stress levels
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10
Q

Natural exp DISADVANTAGE the Natural event may occur rarely + pp are not randomly allocated

A
  • many natural events are ‘one off’ and this reduces the opportunity for research
  • The experimenter has no control over which pp are placed in which conditions
    May results in CV
    e.g romanian orphans adopted early May be friendly ones
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11
Q

Quasi experiment

A
  • when IV is an individual difference e.g. gender, intelligence may be naturally occuring
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12
Q

Quasi exp ADVANTAGE there is often high control + comparisons can be made

A
  • Often carried out in controlled conditions and therefore shares some of the strengths of lab experiments this means it can be replicated
  • In a quasi experiment the IV is a difference between people this means comparisons can be made
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13
Q

Quasi exp DISADVANTAGE pp arent randomly allocated

A
  • exp has no control over which pp placed in which condition as the IV is pre-exsisting.
  • Pp variables may have caused the change in DV acting as CV
  • Researcher doesn’t manipulate IV cannot say change in DV was due to IV
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