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A- Resp and cardio > Type I and Type II resp failure > Flashcards

Type I and Type II resp failure Flashcards

1
Q

What part of respiration is there a problme with in Type I resp failure? What structures?

A

Exchange
Alveolar membrane
Pulmonary vasculature
Cellular level
Eg fluid on lungs

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2
Q

How do yuo treat Type I resp faillure?

A

Increase pO2 with high flow oxygen (see NICE guidelines for more guidance)

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3
Q

What is the problem based on in Type II resp failure?

A

Ventilation
CO2 no longer being exchanged
Builds up

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4
Q

Treatment Type II resp failure

A

Controlled O2
88-92%
NIV-CPAP

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5
Q

Causes Type I resp failure

A

pneumonia
Fibrosis
COVID
Aspiration
Pulmonary emboli
HF
Other infections
Asthma

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6
Q

Type II resp failure causes

A

COPD
Obesity
Neurological disorders
Scoliosis
Sedatives - opiates, benzodiazapines
Severe pneumonia/pulm oedema/asthma -> tiring

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7
Q

What is the FiO2 of healthy people?

A

11 Kpa

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8
Q

How do you wokr out FiO2 for % O2 patient is on?

A

-10
eg if on 40% O2, 30% FiO2

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9
Q

What is the difference Type 1 and Tyoe 2 resp failure?

A

Type 1 = hypoxia
Type 2 = hypoxia and hypercapnia

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10
Q

What is an example of a thiazide like diuretic?

A

Endapamide

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11
Q

Parameters for hypoxia

A

PaO2 <8.0kPa

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12
Q

Parameters for hypercapnia

A

PaC02 >6.0kPa

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13
Q

If patient receiving supplemental oxygen, how much less should pO2 be than Fi02?

A

10kPa

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14
Q

Examples of causes of type I resp failure

A

Pneumonia
Fibrosis
COVID
Aspiration
Pulmonary emboli
HF
Other infections
Asthma

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15
Q

Type II

A

COPD
obesity
Neurological disorders
Scolisosi
Sedatives
Severe pneumonia/pulmonary oedema/asthma - tiring

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16
Q

What is the difference between management of type i and II resp failure

A

Type I = O2 ‘Type II = controlled O2 + may need NIV

17
Q

pH and paCO2 levels for resp and metabolic acidosis, alkalosis

A
  • Respiratory acidosis
    • Low pH with high PaCO2
  • Metabolic acidosis
    • Low pH, low PaCO2
  • Respiratory alkalosis
    • High pH + normal or high PaCO2
  • Metabolic alkalosis
    • High pH, low PaCO2
18
Q

What does an ABG vs VBG tell you

A

Both = acid base status
Only ABGs tell you oxygenation and ventilation of a patient

19
Q

When do you perform an ABG?

A
  • New hypoxia
  • Monitoring acid base status eg in DKA
  • Overdose
  • Assessment repsonse to NIV
  • Assessment for need for Home O2
20
Q

Conditions with metabolic acid base disturbance

A
  • DKA
  • Overdose
  • Sepsis
  • Renal failure
21
Q

Conditions causing disturbed oxygenation/gas exchange?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • Ventilated patients
22
Q

Parameters for PaO2

A

> 10.6

23
Q

Parameters for PaCO2

A

4.7-6.0

24
Q

Parameters HCO3-

A

22-28

25
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

A
  • Increased production/ingestion of acid
  • Decreased loss of acid
  • Loss of HCO3
    -Decreased pH + HCO3
26
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Increased loss of acid
  • Increase pH + HC03
27
Q

Respiratory compensation mechanisms

A
  • Increasing ventilation = hyperventilating to blow off C02 - decrease pCO2
  • Decreasing ventilation - hypoventialting + increasing pCO2
  • Can occur quickly
28
Q

Kidney metabolic compensation

A
  • Excreting acid - increase HCO3
  • Retain acid - decrease HC03
  • Metabolic compensation usually indicates a chronic problem
  • Takes time
29
Q

Common causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomitting, burns , hypokalemia

30
Q

Common causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Shock (lactic acidosis)
DKA (ketoacidosis)
Renal/liver failure
Drug overdose
Diarrhoea

31
Q

Respiratory acidosis casues

A

Severe COPD/asthma
Severe pneumonia
Severe pulmonary oedema
Myasthenia gravis
Sedative drugs - reduced RR
Scoliosis - ineffective ventialtion
Obesity - hypoventialtion

32
Q

Common causes of resp alkalosis

A

Hyperventialtion/anxiety
Hypoxaemia eg acute asthma
Cranial lesions

A- Resp and cardio (58 decks)

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