type 1 diabetes Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes
When the body can’t make enough insulin. T cells will attack beta cells (which make insulin)
no Beta cells = No insulin.
Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes
1) Start young age
2) Symptoms dont show till 90% off beta cells killed.
Aetiology of type 1 diabetes
1) Genetic cause (gene HLA)
2) Virus that causes beta cell destruction
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?
Glucose cant move from blood to cells as insulin is used to transport glucose vesicles into the cell.
Pancreas break down?
islet of langerhan have alpha and beta cells.
Alpha cells make = glucagon secretion which breaks down glycogen to glucose
Beta cells = insulin secretion
What is diabetes ketoacidosis?
when cells don’t have glucose that will break down fats into fatty acidosis. The liver will break down ketones to ketoacids. The ketoacids are used for energy however cause increase acidity meaning you have deep breathing to get rid of the c02 to lower acidity. Also k+ leaves cells during this process causing low k+ storage.
Main symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Fruity breath smell
Key presentations of type 1 diabetes?
1) hypercglycimia
2) polydypsia
3) ketosis
4) metabolic acidosis
5) k+ intolerance
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes?
1) polyphagia (eat alot)
2) Glycosuria (glucose piss)
3) polyuria (pissalot)
4) polydipsia (thirsty alot)
1st line test for diabetes?
1) Fasting glucose test
2) Random glucose test
3) Oral glucose tolerance Test
Gold standard test
Hba1c glucose test
Managment for type 1 diabetes
1) insulin regim
2) Monitor carb intake
3) Monitor blood sugar levels
Monitoring type 1 diabetes?
Hba1c test every 3-6 months to check glucose levels.
Long term complication?
1) Coronary artery disease
2) Neuropathy
3) Retinopathy
