TY

Question 1

In Ziehl-Neelsen, fix smears on heated surface what temp and minutes

Answer 1

60 degC
10 minutes

Question 2

SCREENING microscopy

Answer 2

400x - HPO

Question 3

CONFIRMATORY Microscopy

Answer 3

1000X - OIO

Question 4

Kinyoun decolorizer acid

Answer 4

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 5

What is the reporting one sees a single acid fast bacillus in a single sputum

Answer 5

Diagnostic

Question 6

it is helpful for demonstrating metachromatic stain granules and characteristic morphology of Corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 6

Methylene blue

Question 7

fluorescent stain that detect Mycolic acid

Answer 7

Auromine-Rhodamine

Question 8

most widely used method observing fungi

Answer 8

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

Question 9

binds to chitin found on fungal cell walls
detect yeast cells and hyphae in skin scraping

Answer 9

Calcoflour white

Question 10

staining time of acridine orange

Answer 10

2 min

Question 11

metachromatic granules of C. diptheriae are usually seen in this medium

Answer 11

Loefflers Coagulated Serum

CTBA: Black
Tinsdale: Black colonies w. HALO

Question 12

In staining method cells appear yellow in a dark-background

Answer 12

Auramine Rhodamine

Question 13

organism that benefit host

Answer 13

Symbiont

Question 14

Organism that have neutral effect to host

Answer 14

Commensal

E.coli: coprozoic, spurious parasite

Question 15

mechanism of microbial disease

ability to evade or overcome host defense and cause disease
degree of pathogenicity

Answer 15

Virulence

Question 16

mechanism of microbial disease

necessary appropriate for successful transsmission of disease

Answer 16

Portal of Entry

Question 17

Eikenella corrodens is usually transmitted through this route

Answer 17

Human bites

Question 18

basic rule in collecting microbial samples from infection site

Answer 18

Within the site NOT on the surface of surrounding skin

Question 19

major requirement to avoid contamination

Answer 19

Asepsis

Question 20

Throat swab appropritae site

Answer 20

Behind the Vulva
in between Tonsular pillars

NOT COLLECTED FROM: teeth, tongue, cheeks

Question 21

Collection of Nasopharynx use flexible

Answer 21

Swab insert through nose - reach Posterior nasopharynx - rotate - remove

Question 22

For Sputum gargle w/
The best specimen is an

Answer 22

Water

First morning

Question 23

it should be collected in Clean, wide-mouthed container with tight-fitting lid

Answer 23

Stool

Question 24

if Stool not plated w/in 1 hour use

Answer 24

Transport media Cary-blair

buffered charcoal glycerin

Question 25

the change in **pH** and **temperature** of **stoo**l is *most detrimental* to this Enterobacteriaceae member

Answer 25

Shigella

Question 26

**Urine** specimen should be collected into a if not processed immediately, one may:

Answer 26

**Sterile SCREW-CAP Container** REFRIGERATED

Question 27

**CSF** should be collected in a

Answer 27

**Sterile SCREW CAP TUBE**

Question 28

**Abscess aspirates** or **exudate** as well as *Synovial, Pericardial and Chest fluid* require collection with: the use of this is **not recommended** may inhibit growth of **Anaerobe** or risk the likelihood of contamination

Answer 28

Syringe/ needle Swab

Question 29

**Depth** of swab insertion in **male urethral** examination

Answer 29

**2-4 cm**

Question 30

**Lubricant** should be avoided since its very **toxic** to ## Footnote De

Answer 30

*N. gonorrhoeae*

Question 31

For both **male and female** *urethral examination*, this should always be prepared

Answer 31

Direct Gram stained Smear

Question 32

How to collect **cervical** samples

Answer 32

1. **remove** the mucus plug 2. **insert** Flexible swab 3. Cervix: **rotate** and allow to stay few seconds 4. **Remove**

Question 33

# Specimen handling acceptable specimen **transport**

Answer 33

**w/in 2 hours**

Question 34

# Specimen handling all specimen **container** should be: specimen should be **transported** within: **Bags** should be marked with a:

Answer 34

**leak-proof** **sealable, leak-proof, plastic bags** separate section for paper work **Biohazard** label

Question 35

# Specimen handling if **delayed** in transport **> 2 hours** it needs

Answer 35

Holding media **Special preservative** | Stuarts **red** & Amies **Blue** Cary-blair **white** usual stool transp

Question 36

# Specimen handling Common **preservative** for **stool culture** (*ova parasite exam)*

Answer 36

Buffered formalin PVA

Question 37

# Specimen handling An **agent** added in **holding media** that may kill *FASTIDIOUS* ***N. gonorrhoeae* or *Bordetella pertusis***

Answer 37

CHARCOAL **removes LIPIDS**

Question 38

# Specimen handling the usula to **prevent clotting** of specimens such as *Blood, BM and Synovial fluid*

Answer 38

SPS

Question 39

# Specimen handling A common **AC** for **Viral cultures**

Answer 39

Heparin

Question 40

# Specimen storage *Urine, Stool, Viral Specimens Sputa **centrifuge:ref centri**, Swabs* and *Foreign devices* such as *catheters* should be stored at

Answer 40

**4degC**

Question 41

# Specimen handling AC that should **NOT** be used for **Microbiology**

Answer 41

**EDTA** and **Sodium CItrate** ## Footnote they both **chelate calcium ions,** which are **essential for many bacterial functions**, potentially interfering with the growth and accurate analysis of bacteria in a sample

Question 42

# Specimen storage **Serum** for serologic studies may be **frozen** fot up to **1 week** at

Answer 42

**-20 degC**

Question 43

# Specimen storage Tissues or Specimen for **long term storage** should be **frozen** at

Answer 43

**-70 degC**

Question 44

# standards of processing When **multiple** specimen arrive at the same time priority should be given to **most critical** such as

Answer 44

1. CSF 2. Tissue blood 3. Sterile fluid

Question 44

# standards of processing **Acid-fast, Viral and Fungal specimens** are usually processed in

Answer 44

**Batched** one at a time

Question 45

# standards of processing when a **specimen is received** w/ **multiple request** but the amount of **specimen is INSUFFICIENT** to do all of them, the *Microbiologist* should

Answer 45

*Ask the Clinician **Phoning*** to prioritized the testing

Question 46

**Columbia CAN** with blood type of Blood

Answer 46

**Defibrinated** 1. Glass bead **2-4 cm** 2. Marbles **2-4 cm**

Question 47

**Disrupts** the cell membranes of **gram neg** org: **Blocks DNA replication** in susceptible org:

Answer 47

**Colistin** **Nalidixic acid**

Question 48

req. for **gram negative Broth** after initial inoculation and incubation

Answer 48

**Subculture** for **6-8 hours**

Question 49

3 common media for **gram positive** isolation

Answer 49

CNA PEA SSA

Question 50

**Enrichment portion of MTM**

Answer 50

1. Basal Component 2. CHOC- **heated to lysed release X and V factor**

Question 51

it is the **oxidation-reduction** indicator in THIO broth

Answer 51

**Resazurin**

Question 52

**% agar** in THIO BROTH to prevent **convection currents** from carrying atmospheric O2

Answer 52

**0.075%**

Question 53

2 basic priciple of **Autoclaving**

Answer 53

1. High heat 2. High pressure

Question 54

how many **endospores control per unit**

Answer 54

**2** 1 inside the autoclave 1 on the envelope

Question 55

*E. coli* dies at what temp

Answer 55

70-80 degC

Question 56

# Determine the modes of sterilization **Soiled dressing** from a **surgical wound** - **Surgical instruments** - **clean Laboratory glasswares** -

Answer 56

Incineration **870-980 degC** Autoclave Dry heat

Question 57

# E. COLI Invades **erythrocyte lining the LARGE INTESTINE** in a manner identical to *Shigella*

Answer 57

EIEC | Necrosis, Ulceration of colon

Question 58

# E. coli **attachment to mucosal cells** of the **small bowel** leading to **loss of microvilli**

Answer 58

EPEC | pillus, intimin

Question 59

# E.coli toxin similar to **shiga toxin** produced by *Shigella dysenteriae*. **Hemorrhagic colitis**

Answer 59

EHEC ## Footnote other members: STEC, VTEC

Question 59

# E. coli Binding by **pili, ST-like and hemolysin-like** toxins have **coagulation**

Answer 59

EAEC

Question 60

adherence and invasion of mucosal cells, escape from phagocytic vesicles, intercelular spread, and inflammation

Answer 60

Shigella toxin