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SFM Quiz 2 > tutoring 2 > Flashcards

tutoring 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hybridization and PCR

A

id infectious disease and inherited diorders

have to know the squence of the gene or pathogen

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2
Q

hybridization

A

DNA or RNA sequence

ssDNA, stuck to fil,, add probes, bind to DNA if present and then blot

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3
Q

PCR amplifies DNA

A 
DNA denatured to SssRNA
primers added
anneals to TaqP 
daughter made 
repeat until enough

needs primers, dNTPs, taq, thermocycler

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4
Q

qPCR uses

A

fluroecent tag for specific gene (to see if you have extra DNA)

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5
Q

RFLP and Variable number tandem repeats

A

detect DNA sequences, used in forensics

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6
Q

RFLP

A

everyone has changes in DNA

restriction enzymes recognize sequences

some people might have mutations here

changes the cleavage pattern

paternity, forensics, sickle cell anemia (changes 3 to 2)

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7
Q

VNTR

A

shorrt tandem repeats in DNA
cute out and see how long
repeats can be amplified in some diseases like
Huntongitons, fragile X, freidrich ataxia

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8
Q

recombinant proteins

A

cDNA added to plasmid vector, transcribed, tranlated repilcated, etc, pulled out and purified and used

insulin-has been modified to make it better

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9
Q

ELISA

A

tests for antibody and antigen
indirect looks for ab
sandwhich looks for ag

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10
Q

indirect

A

ag bound to plate
sample with ab is added
second ab is added with tag or enzyme

amount of ab can be determined by the intensity of teh tagged color

means tthe ab are there

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11
Q

sandwich

A

bind ab to plate and add sample with ag
add another ab with enzyme
amount of ag can be determined by color change

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12
Q

pregnancy test

A

hcg sanwich

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13
Q

heart attack

A

troponin sandwhich

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14
Q

hiv infection

A

hiv ab indirect

must confrim with western blot

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15
Q

amyloidosis can show up in

A

heart, CHF, SOB, hepatomegaly, easy bruisuing, jaundive (heart and liver)

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16
Q

know photo

A

know it

prob dont need to know tpo and epo

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17
Q

t cells

A

CD3, 4, 8

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18
Q

B cells

A

CD19, CD20

19
Q

NK cells

A

CD56

20
Q

macorphages

A

Cd14

21
Q

HSC CD

A

34

22
Q

neutrophils always get to the infectio first and tehn

A

recruit tissue specific macrophages

23
Q

neutrophils have

A

peroxidase, lypsozyme and defensins

forms NETs (DNA, potein, enzymes)-dont die

first responder

24
Q

leukocyotosis

A

infection, too many leokocytes, most are neutrophils, left shift means band cells (immature neutrophils, so sick that bone marrow is spitting out a bunch of them)

25
Q

M1 macrophage

A

inflamatory induced by IFN y

26
Q

M2 macroohage

A

antiinflammatory incued by IL 4 and 13

27
Q

mast celll

A

histamine, allergies

28
Q

eosinophils

A

major basic proteins, parasites

29
Q

NK cells

A

CD16, CD56

not specific, no memory, recognize receptors of our normal cells

kill cells that do not have self receptors-cancer

use perforin granzyme

30
Q

inflammation

A

swelling, redness, heat, pain, loss of function,

senitnal cells react first, MAST cells (allergies)

mast cells release histamine

31
Q

pyrogens

A

include TNF, IL1, IL6 cause fever

32
Q

LPS on

A

gram neg bacteria

33
Q

mannose receptoir

A

bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.

34
Q

all human proteins start with

A

met, all bacterial is f-met

35
Q

upon TLR binding, activates

A

NFkB and increases IFN `

36
Q

TLR 3 and TLR 4

A

can use a different pathway other than Myd88

37
Q

NOD like receptors

A

intracellular, complexed wiht inflammasome, IL 1b and 18

activate caspase 1 causing apoptosis

is what causes pain in GOUT

38
Q

DAMPs

A

necrosis
HMGB1-TLR2/3 make NFkB
uric acid-makes NLRP3 amkes NfKB
HSPs male trl2/3 males NFKB

all make TNF a and IL 1

39
Q

antiinflammatory

A

M2 makes IL 10, TGFB

40
Q

macrophages have receptors for everything, secrete most things except

A

IFNg which activates tehm

41
Q

APP made in liver in response to

A

IL6

CRP opsonin

serum amyloid A (amyloidosis)

42
Q

macrpophages and neutrophils kill with

A

phagolysosome and NO/ROS

O2 to O2 rad to H2O2 to OH to H2O

or H2O2 can make HOCL to singlet Ogygen

43
Q

mast cels cannot fight viral infections

A

they just release hitamine

SFM Quiz 2 (25 decks)

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