Cell Cycle pt. 3 Flashcards
Tumor Microenvironment consists of
cellular components, secretory factors, extracellular matrix
cellular components of the TME
immune cells, fibroblasts/stromal cells (tissue specific) blood vessels cells (endothelial and smooth muscle), epithelial mesenchymal transition cells
secretroy factors in the TME
signaling molecules, growth factors, inflammatory factors and enzymes (MMPs)
extracellular matrix components of the TMe
fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, provide structural support
Why is the TME important?
barrier for therapy paracrine signaling desmoplastic reaction promoting tumor progression therapy resistance and recurrence
types of cancer treatment
surgery
radiation
chemo
immunotherapy
goal is to killl cancer
primary target is DNA
radiation
effective on cells with reproductive activity, long dividing future, fixed function and morphology
energy deposition breaks DNA bonds, hydrolysis of water produces damaging free radicals
chemotherapy involves
alkylating agents intercalating agents antimetabolites mitostatic agents platinum derivatives antitumor antibiotics enzymes
alkylating agents
denature macromolecules like DNA by cross linking DNA chains
intercalating agents
interact with DNA and stick between two bases, induces structure change and messing up functioning, breaks DNA bonds
antimetabolites/vinca alkaloids
analagues of Purines and pyrimdines
block new base formation
block folate derv.
inhibit enzymes
lets false substances into DNA (Pur/Pyr analogues)
poisons the division spindle
mitostatic agents
inhibit tubulin synthesis, are spindle poisons
platinum derivative/unclassified chemo
plays a role in DNA binding
cross links DNA chains and destroys enzymes
enzymes
enzymatic cleavage of asparagin
antitumor antibiotics
inhibition of topoisomerase II, intercalation
