Cell Cycle pt.4 Flashcards
Necrosis
uncontrolled cell death
Necrosis: cell membrane
swelling and rupture
Necrosis: cytoplasm
increased vacuolation, organelle degeneration, and mitochondrial swelling
Necrosis: nucleus
clumping and random degradation of nuclear chromatin and DNA (karyolysis)
Necrosis: cells involved
all cell types
Necrosis: inflammation
yes
Necrosis: features
failure of normal phys. pathways like homeostasis, ion transport, ATP depletion, ph balance
Necorsis: MOA
RIP1 and PARP-1 involved
stress/ca overload stimulates mitochondrial uncoupling as well as RIP3/RIP1 complex
this makes NADPH oxidase/increased O2 consumption
ROS are made as a result
ATP depletes and necrosis ensues
no caspases involved
Apoptosis
programed cell death
apoptosis: cell membrane
blebs and fragments into membrane bound apoptotic bodies
apoptosis: cytoplasm
fragmentation and shrinkage
apoptosis: nucleus
chromatin condensation and degradation by DNA cleavage leading to nuclear fragmentation
apoptosis: cells involved
hematopoietic cells and related (liquid tumors)
plays a role in solid tumors, which is most of cancers
apoptosis: inflammation
no
apoptosis: features
membrane loses asymmetry and PS is displayed
caspase/mitochondria dependent
apoptosis: MOA
fas ligand binds to receptor on surface
DISC is made with caspase 8
caspase 8 acts on caspase 3 to cause cell death
caspase 8 can also act on bid bid makes tbid tbid makes Bak Bak and Bax go to mito and cytochrome C makes apoptosome with capsase 9 and activates caspase 3 to cause cell death
BH3 proteins actovate bax
Bcl2, Bclxl inhibit bak
DNA damage stimulates ATM which goes to nucleus and stimulates p53 which stimulates BH3 proteins
apoptosis: triggers
DNA damage (membrane): trigger ATM, p53 Death receptor signaling (membrane): caspase 8 mediated cell membrane (membrane): sphingomyleniase turns it toc ceramide Mitochondrial damage (mitochondria): ceramide mediated
apoptosis: sensors
ATM
receptor
mitochondria
apoptosis: mediators
p53 BCL2 (antiapoptotic) BH3 and Bax(pro apoptotic) cytochrome C apoptotic protease activating factor 1
apoptosis: effectors
caspases
initiators: caspases 8, 9, 10
executioner: 3, 6, 7