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SFM Quiz 2 > Intro to Immunology > Flashcards

Intro to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

hematopoietic stem cells replicates and gives rise to

A

myeloid and lymphoid progenitors

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2
Q

myeloid progenitors controlled by GCSF

A

become myeloblasts and then

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

in the bone marrow

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3
Q

myeloid progenitors controlled by MCSF

A

become monoblasts which then become

monocytes and dendritic cells

in the bone marrow

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4
Q

monocytes can move into various tissues from the bone marrow and

A

become monocytic derived dendritic cels and tissue macrophages

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5
Q

Lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow under control of IL7 differentation into

A

B cell precursor cells wich then mature into B cells

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6
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells migrate from Bone Marrow into Thymus and become

A

T cell precurosors which then become T cells

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7
Q

phagocytes include

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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8
Q

phagocytes function to

A

injest and destroy microbes and ger rid of damaged tissues (scavanger function)

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9
Q

responses of phagocytes

A

recruit cells to infection site

recognition and activation by microbes

ingestion of microbes

destruction of microbes

secrete cytokines to promote regulation and immune responses

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10
Q

mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play a key role in

A

innate immune responses

protect against helminths and cause allergic reactions

common feature is cytoplasmic granules with various inflammatory and microbial mediators

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11
Q

mast cells

A

come from mast cell progenitors

do not circulate in blood as mature cells

migrate via the blood from bone marrow into tissues where they mature

part of the sentinel cell system along with DCs and macrophages

quickly repsond to environment antigens and allergens, pathogens and toxins

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12
Q

eosinophils are polymorphonuclear granulocytes that

A

defend against parasites, participate in allergic reactions

small amount in blood

large granules and small granules

snall granules have histamine and major basic protein

basic proteins involved in anti-parasitc defense

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13
Q

basophils

A

circulate in blood, very small amaont

defense against parasites

play a role in allergic reactions

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14
Q

dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells are

A

professinoal antigen presenting cells

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15
Q

langerhans cells are a type of DC that is a

A

potent APC in the epidermis

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16
Q

DC are part of the

A

innate immunity subtyped as monocyte derived (similar to macrophages) and plasmacytoid derived/IFN producing

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17
Q

Innate immunity is comprised of

A

mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, phagocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

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18
Q

adaptive immunity is comprised of

A

B cells, T cells, NK cells

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19
Q

NK cells

A

granular lymphocytes that purge body of infected and precancerous cells

rise from bone marrow precursors, separate from B and T cell precursors

receptors have no antigen specificity

no memory made

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20
Q

NK cells recognize and destroy

A

target cells without stimulation or immunization

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21
Q

NK cells recognize antigens expressed

A

normally on host cells

if an antigen is not expressed on a host cell, the absence of the antigen activates the NK cell

22
Q

NK cells have broad specificity for antigens thus making it function

A

like a cell of the innate immunity, but it is adaptive

23
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

controlled by T cells which function in conjunction with APC and phagocytes

defense against intracellular bicromes (viruses and bacteria_

kill the host

helper T cells help make B cells to make high affinity Abs helping to eradicated extracellular microbes as well

24
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

controlled by B cells who secrete Abs to prevent infections extracellular microbes

25
Q

cytotoxic T cells work in

A

the cell mediated immunity and directly destory infected cells

T helper cells activate macroohages to kill phagocytised microbes

26
Q

clonal selection

A

there are many distinct lymphocytes specific for different antigens

when antigen is introduced, lymphocytes with receptors for this antigen seek out and bind the antigen

after binding the antigen, they are triggered to proliferate and differentiated making clones of the cells specific for new antigen

the clones react with the ag to neutralize/eliminate it

some ag speciigc cells late in the response make memory in adaptive immunity

27
Q

Fixed elements are the lymphoid organs

A

Primary: bone marrow and thymus
Secondary: spleen and lymph nodes, mucosal immune tissue

28
Q

Mobile Immune Elements

A 
Immune cells 
Humoral components (Ab, complement, acute phase proteins)
29
Q

Monocytes are free in blood and become ______ in tissue

A

Macrophage (histiocyte)

30
Q

Cluster of Differentation (CD) are

A

Selectively expressed on each type of leukocytes

Developed using antibodies recognizing specific antigens

31
Q

T Cell CD

A

CD3
CD4
CD8

32
Q

B cell

A

CD19

CD20

33
Q

NK Cell

A

CD56

34
Q

Macrophage/monocytes

A

CD14

35
Q

Direct and indirect fluorescent microscopy

A

Done with anti-CD abs for ID-int leukocytes

36
Q

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes

A

Segmented into 3-5 lobules
Most abundant in blood
Mediate the earliest phase in inflammatory reactions

37
Q

Neutrophils are professional phagocytes

A

Released quickly and a lot of them

Cytoplasmic granules contain
Peroxidase
Lysozyme, 
degradation enzymes
Defending

Inflammatory mediators that release cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes

Live for hours to days and work for 1-2 days

38
Q

Killing Mechanisms of neutrophils/phagocytes

A

Intra and extra cellular

Phagocytosis and ROS or antibacterial proteins

Can uses neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to immobilize pathogens and facilitate phagocytosis

39
Q

Monocytes are the main type of

A

Mononuclear phagocytes IN THE BLOOD

While macrophages are in the tissues

Mature ones are released into the blood, live for a few days and then die, can survive longer during inflammation

40
Q

Dendritic cells share similar characteristics to

A

Macrophages and are the most efficient APC

41
Q

Resident Macrophages

A

Migrate to their areas during embryonic development from hematopoietic progenitors emerging from the yolk sac

Do tissue specific jobs

Specialized phenotype

Ex: osteoclasts, microglial cell, etc.

42
Q

Monocytes derived inflammatory tissue

A

Monocytes migrate into tissues where a pathogen is

Differentiate into macrophages during inflammation

Invovled in inflammatory reactions, tissue remodeling

43
Q

NK cells recognize and destroy variety of

A

Target cells without any prior stimulation or immunization

Recognize antigens self and non self

NK cells function like a cell of innate immunity

(REPEAT)

44
Q

Interactions between

A

T cells and B cells as well as T cells and APC are critical to development of adaptive immunity

45
Q

Development and maturation of T cells occurs in the

A

Thymus

Mature T cells is Ag stimulated, gives rise to CMI

46
Q

B cells mature in the

A

Bone marrow

B cells activated, lead to humoral immunity and Ab (immunoglobulin)

47
Q

CMI is controlled in response to

A

T cells as well as Ag presenting cells, phagocytes

48
Q

CMI mediates host defense against

A

Intracellular microbes such as viruses and some bacteria

49
Q

CMI function is killing of infected

A

Host cells that eliminates the reservoirs of infection

50
Q

Some T cells help B cells make

A

High affinity Ab thereby contributing to the eradication of extracelllular microbes

51
Q

Humoral immunity B cells secrete ab that

A

Prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes

52
Q

In CMI, T helper cells activate

A

Macrophage to kill phagocytized T cells to directly destroy infected cells

SFM Quiz 2 (25 decks)

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