Tutorial Flashcards Cardiovascular
What is contained within the tunica intima in arteries?
Endothelium, basement membrane, internal elastic lamina (cheese)
What is contained in the tunica media in arteries?
Elastic fibers, smooth muscle cells, external elastic lamina (cheese)
What is contained in the tuna externus in arteries?
Elastic & collagen fibers, vasa vasorum
List the steps of circulation starting at the left ventricle and ending at the abdominal arteries.
Left ventricle, Aortic semilunar valve, arch of aorta, descending thoracic aorta, descending abdominal aorta, celiac/renal/suprarenal/inferior + superior mesenteric/iliac arteries.
Elastic arteries ______ and _______. Muscular arteries are responsible for _________ and ________.
Stretch, recoil, vasodilation, vasoconstriction
What is the name of the structures that act as “bottlenecks” between capillaries and the thoroughfare channel?
precapillary sphincters
What is the difference between filtration and reabsorption in capillaries?
Filtration: capillaries –> interstitial fluid
Reabsorption: interstitial fluid –> capillaries
What are the three methods of capillary exchange? Briefly describe them.
simple diffusion: conc. gradient.
transcytosis: vesicular transport.
bulk flow: pressure gradient.
What is the difference between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure?
Hydrostatic pushes fluid in vessels against capillaries, oncotic pulls into capillaries.
What is contained within the tunica intima in veins? Tunica media?
Intima = endothelium, basement membrane
Media = smooth muscle
What is contained in the tunica externa in veins?
Elastic and collagen fibers, vasa vasorum
Arteries are made of mostly _____ tissue, while veins are mostly _____. Arteries have a thicker _____ layer, while veins have no _______ layer. Which has valves?
Smooth, fibrous, muscular, elastic. Veins have valves.
Name the two atrioventricular valves and two semilunar valves.
Tricuspid (right), bicuspid (left). Aortic & pulmonary semilunar valves.
Why is the left side the heart larger?
Contains more muscle, as that side’s ventricle must pump blood to the entire body.
What happens to the structures in the left ventricle during ventricular systole? Hint: there are 2 structures.
During ventricular systole (contraction), the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles are pulled tight. During atrial systole, they are relaxed.
What regions of heart do the interventricular arteries supply? (posterior & left anterior desc.)
Both ventricles (LV/RV)
What regions of the heart does the circumflex artery supply? Marginal?
Circumflex = whole left side
Marginal = only right ventricle
What regions of the heart do the coronary (R/L) arteries supply?
Respective atria. Ex. right coronary artery supplies right atrium
The small cardiac vein drains blood from where? The anterior cardiac vein? Hint: these are both on the right side of the heart.
Small = whole right side
Anterior = RV only
Where do the middle and great cardiac veins drain blood from?
Middle = both ventricles
Great = RV, LA, LV
