Lecture 2: Vasculature Flashcards
The pulmonary circulatory system runs along the _______ side of the body and is responsible for _________ and removal of _______.
Right, oxygenation, CO2
The systemic circulatory system runs along the _____ side of the body, and is the ______ system that transports _______.
Left, delivery, waste.
What are the 4 principle divisions of the aorta?
Arch of the aorta, ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta
What are the three branches of the abdominal aorta, and what do they supply generally?
*unpaired Celiac trunk, superior & inferior mesenteric artery. They supply GI tract.
What five organs does the celiac artery supply?
Pancreas, duodenum, spleen, liver, stomach
What do the sup/inf mesenteric arteries supply? What does the abdominal aorta split into?
Sup = pancreas, small intestine, part of large intestine
Inf = part of large intestine
Splits in external/internal common iliac arteries.
What are the five paired arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta?
Lumbar (4)
Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal
Common iliac
What are the three major veins and their general location where they retrieve blood from?
Superior vena cava = upper body (including head)
Coronary sinus = great, middle, small cardiac veins
Inferior vena cava = lower body (including abdomen)
What are the three veins involved in the hepatic portal system?
Hepatic portal vein, inf/sup mesenteric veins
Venous blood from GI organs and ________ go to the _______ before going to the inferior vena cava.
Spleen, liver
What are the six types of blood vessels and their function?
Conduit = transport blood
Distribution = distribute blood to organs
Resistance = resist circulation
Exchange = movement of gases, fluids, nutrients in & out of blood
Capacitance = blood reservoir
Lymph = maintain fluid balance
Arteries carry blood ____ the heart. Order: ______, _________, ________.
From. Arteries, arterioles, capillaries.
Capillaries are the site of ______ and _______ exchanges and are responsible for ______ ________.
Gas, nutrient, waste removal.
Veins carry blood ____ the heart. Order: _______, ________, ________.
To. Capillaries, venules, veins.
What are the three layers of arteries/veins, from deep to superficial? What is the inside of the artery/vein called?
Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa/adventitia
What are the main functions of arteries and veins?
Arteries = pressure vessels.
Veins = volume reservoirs 2/3 of blood volume.
What is different anatomically and physiologically between arteries and veins?
Veins have a thinner muscular layer and tuna externa, and have no elastic layers but DO have valves.
Veins have no BP.
What is the purpose of valves in veins?
Prevent backflow and assist in venous blood return.
What is the difference in function between elastic and muscular arteries and their tissue makeup?
Elastic = conducting.
Muscular = distributing.
Muscular has a higher ratio of smooth muscle and fibrous tissues.
Elastic arteries conduct blood to the _________ _________. They must handle pressure from heart contraction (_____) and provide pressure between beats (_____). Elastic arteries _____ when BP increases and ____ when decreases.
Muscular arteries, systole, diastole, stretch, recoil.
Muscular arteries are ____-sized arteries with more _____ than elastic fibers in tunica ____. Give two examples of muscular arteries.
Medium, muscle, media. Ex. brachial artery, femoral artery.
What are the three types of capillaries and their distinguishing feature(s)? Where are they found?
Continuous = tight, strong junctions between endothelial cells. Found in brain, lungs, muscle.
Fenestrated = contains pores. Found in kidney, choroid plexus.
Sinusoid = incomplete basement membrane (lowkey rotting). Red bone marrow, liver.
Describe the process of transcytosis.
Occurs through vesicular transport (endo/exocytosis) when fenestration/diffusion through intercellular cleft isn’t possible. Substances are enclosed by pinocytic vesicles, usually large lipid-insoluble molecules.
Where does filtration occur? Reabsoprtion?
Filtration = from capillaries to interstitial fluid.
Reabsorption = from interstitial fluid to capillaries.
