Lecture 15: Renal Anatomy/Glomerulus Flashcards
Which two structures are present in the renal cortex?
Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
Which two structures are present in the renal medulla?
Loop of Henle, collecting duct
Nephron turns _____ into ________, which has virtually no _______ or large _________. Then, it is converted to _______.
Blood, filtrate, proteins, molecules, urine.
Which structure brings blood into the renal corpuscle? Takes away? Which structure allows blood to return to normal venous circulation?
Afferent arteriole. Efferent arteriole. Peritubular capillaries.
What are the three main ‘steps’ of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle, renal tubule, collecting duct.
Which three types of cells are found in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Macula densa, granular cells, mesangial cells
Where are podocytes found and what do they do?
Wrap around capillaries of glomerulus. Prevent large molecules from passing into urine.
Glomerular capillaries are involved in ______, while peritubular capillaries are involved in _________.
Filtration, reabsorption & secretion
Name 3 ways the kidneys assist the CV system.
- maintain blood volume
- regulate plasma osmolarity
- secrete mediators
Can the kidney autoregulate glomerular filtration rate? How is GFR altered?
Yes. Changing blood pressure in glomerulus or leakiness of capillaries.
How does the myogenic mechanism contribute to GFR?
Smooth muscle of afferent arteriole (coming INTO glomerulus) responds by constricting diameter to decrease GFR.
How does tubuloglomerular feedback contribute to GFR?
Macula densa detects high filtrate flow. Increases adenosine, causes calcium release to constrict afferent arteriole and decrease GFR.
Describe the steps of the angiotensin pathway.
When blood pressure is low, the kidneys release renin, which helps make angiotensin I –> angiotensin II (via ACE enzyme). Angiotensin II narrows blood vessels and signals the release of aldosterone, which makes the kidneys keep more salt and water, raising blood pressure.
The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes ______ of the ________ _____ between the ________ ___________. This happens so _____ filtration can occur, and _______ Na+ loss.
Relaxation, mesangial cells, glomerular capillaries, more, increases.
Where are sympathetic branches found in the glomerulus?
Walls of afferent arterioles
