Lecture 8: Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the respiratory system?
- gas exchange
- regulate pH
- smell
- speaking (phonation)
What is occurring during step 1 of respiration, breathing?
Pulmonary ventilation. Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli.
What is occurring in step 2 of breathing, gas exchange?
External respiration. Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.
What is occurring during step 3 of respiration, cellular respirartion?
Internal respiration. Metabolic reactions that consume O2, give off CO2 during production of ATP.
What are the two ‘zones’ of the respiratory system?
Conducting (the tubes that get air in), respiratory (where gas exchange occurs)
What is the name of the joints that connect the spine and ribs?
Costovertebral joints
What does the manubrium do?
Part of the sternum, articulates with ribs 1 & 2
What are the two ‘facets’ present on each rib, and what do they connect?
Superior and costal facet, articulate between vertebrae and ribs
Which three arteries supply the thoracic cage?
Internal thoracic artery (BIG!)
Anterior & posterior intercostal arteries
Which veins and nerves are associated with the thoracic cage?
Veins = post & ant intercostal veins
Nerves = intercostal & subcostal nerves
The diaphragm forms the floor of the _____ _______ and separates the ____ and ________ cavities. Where does it attach?
Thoracic cavity, pleural, peritoneal. Attaches on inferior aspects of ribcage.
The diaphragm is innervated by the _____ nerve (C3, 4, 5, keep you alive!). Which 3 openings exist on the diaphragm?
Phrenic. Vena cava, esophagus, aorta.
Which muscles are responsible for breathing? What innervates them?
External = inspiration
Internal = expiration
Inn = intercostal N
What muscle elevates the sternum? The first 2 ribs?
Sternocleidomastoid. Scalene.
What is the role of the pectoralis minor in breathing/
Elevates 3-5th ribs
Name the functions/directions of all abdominal muscles in wall. What innervates them.
Draw that shi.
Inn = ant. rami
What are the three pieces of cartilage of the external nose?
Septal nasal cartilage
Lateral nasal cartilage
Alar cartilage
Describe the lining of the nasal cavity.
Pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar epithelium.
What connects the nose to the pharynx (2 openings)?
Internal nares
What 5 bones form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid (also roof)
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Palatine
Inferior nasal concha
What are the four facial cavities lines with mucous?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla
Three shelves of bone: ______, _______, and _______ _______ _______ extend laterally out of the nasal cavity. What do they subdivide into?
Sup, middle, inferior nasal concha. Subdivide into superior, middle, inferior meatuses
What two structures add additional moisture from secretions during nose breathing?
nasolacrimal ducts, paranasal sinuses
What is the pharynx composed of?
Skeletal muscle, lined with mucous membrane
