Lecture 1: Heart Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 cavities of the body?Which one contains the heart, and what lies directly above this cavity?
Cranial, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal cavity. Pericardial. Mediastinum.
What are the three layers of the pericardium?
Parietal pericardium, pericardial sac, visceral pericardium.
What is contained in the middle region of the mediastinum? Hint: HAPP
Heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, phrenic nerves
What is contained in the anterior region of the mediastinum?
Thymus gland
What is contained in the posterior region of the mediastinum? Hint: DEVL-T
Descending aorta, esophagus, lymph nodes, vagus nerve, thoracic duct
What is contained in the superior region of the mediastinum? Hint: ATE
Aortic arch, esophagus, trachea
What divides the atria and ventricles? What divides the left and right ventricles?
Coronary sulcus. Interventricular sulcus.
What are the 6 coronary arteries?
Right coronary artery, left coronary artery, posterior interventricular artery, right marginal artery, circumflex artery, left anterior descending interventricular artery.
What are the 5 coronary veins?
Small cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, anterior cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, coronary sinus
What are the three sections of pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium, serious pericardium (parietal & visceral)
What is the function of the different types of pericardium?
Fibrous = dense irregular CT that protects & anchors the heart.
Serous = secretes serous fluid
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
What are the three types of inflammation of pericardium/heart wall? Describe them.
Pericarditis = fluid, pus accumulation.
Myocarditis = viral infection, strep, radiation, meds.
Endocarditis = often bacterial, heart valves affected, potentially fatal.
Which valve opens the right atrium? Left atrium?
Right = tricuspid valve.
Left = bicuspid (mitral) valve.
Which valve opens the aorta? The pulmonary trunk?
Aorta = aortic semilunar valve
PT = pulmonary semilunar valve
What are 4 purposes of the fibrous skeleton?
- Provides structure for heart valves
- Maintains valve diameter
- Attachment site for muscles
- Electrically separates atria from ventricles
Which structure exists in the right ventricle? Left ventricle?
Right = chordae tendineae (attached to papillary muscles)
Left = Trabeculae carneae
What occurs when the bicuspid valve is open? Closed?
Open = ventricular diastole. Chordae tendineae is loose, papillary muscles relaxed.
Closed = ventricular systole. Chordae tendineae is tight, papillary muscles contracted.
What closes the semilunar valves?
Back pressure in the great vessels during diastole.
Where are the best 4 places to listen to heart sounds?
2nd intercostal space (right & left), tricuspid valve, 5th intercostal space (left
What is stenosis and what are the 3 types? What is it caused by?
Narrowing - aortic, pulmonic, mitral. Caused by scarring, defect, age-related.
What is prolapse and MVP? Why does it happen?
Eversion. MVP = mitral valve prolapse. Caused by genetic disorder or connective tissue disease.
