Lecture 23: Contraception Flashcards
List 3 reasons why breast milk is superior to formula.
- optimal balance of nutrients
- compensates for immature GI
- transfer of immunity
________ _______ of the breast run between skin and fascia to support the breast. What is different about male breasts?
Suspensory ligaments. Male breasts have less adipose tissue, no real mammary glands.
What is the preparation of mammary glands for lactation causes? Which 2 elements increase?
Mammogenesis. Ductal elements (estrogen), glandular elements (progesterone).
The smallest part of a mammary gland is called what? What surrounds them?
Alveoli. Surrounded by myoepithelial cells.
When milk is produced, is passes from the _______ into __________ _______, onto the _______ _______.
Alveoli, secondary tubules, mammary ducts.
Near the nipple, _______ __________ expand to form _________ ________.
Mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses (then lactiferous ducts).
Name 3 differences between colostrum and regular breast milk.
Colostrum has…
1. less sugar/fat
2. only comes in first 3-5 days
3. contains a lot of antibodies
What are the 2 proteins found in breast milk? Where do they come from?
Lactalbumin, casein. Synthesized in ER of epithelial cells, secreted into alveolar lumen.
Milk production is primary controlled by ______, and which other 4 hormones. What causes milk to be released?
Prolactin, also est/prog, dopamine, prolactin-releasing hormone. Milk release via milk ejection reflex, stimulated by oxytocin.
Prolactin is synthesized and released by ______ in the _______ _________. Which two hormones inhibit prolactin?
Lactotrophs, anterior pituitary. PIH, progesterone.
What three effects does a copper IUD have against conception?
- copper is toxic to sperm
- inflammatory response in endometrium
- thickening of cervical mucus
Which two effects does estrogen have when used in hormonal contraceptive methods?
- suppress the release of FSH (delayed ovulation)
- thinning of endo lining
Which two effects does progesterone have when used in hormonal contraceptive methods?
- suppresses LH (suppresses ovulation)
- thickens cervical mucus
What does the injectable contraception contain? What are its cons?
Contains progestin-only. Can lead to reductions in bone density, long-term use not recommended.
What does the contraceptive implant release? How long is it effective?
Estrogen & progestin. 3 years.
What do hormonal IUDs secrete?
Levonorgestrel
What are differences between Plan B (LNG-EC) and Ella (UPA-EC) pills?
LNG-EC’s contain levonorgestrel, which inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucus.
UPA-EC’s contain ulipristal acetate, which suppresses growth of follicles, endometrial thickness.
What are differences between medication and procedural abortions?
Med = up to 10 weeks, done with mifegymiso.
Proc = up to 24 weeks in Canada.
What does a package of mifegymiso contain?
200mg mifepristone, 200mcg misopristol
