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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 6: Lower Limb, Dry Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 6: Lower Limb, Dry Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

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2
Q

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

A

??

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3
Q

What muscles form the superficial layer in the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

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4
Q

What muscles form the deep layer in the gluteal region?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadrates femoris

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5
Q

What 2 muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract?

A

Tensor fascia latae

Gluteus maximus

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6
Q

What part the the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?

A

?

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7
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of hip

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal muscle

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9
Q

What are the actions of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?

A

Abductors and medial rotators of the hip

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10
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

What is the action of the deep layer of muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Stabilisation of the hip joint and lateral rotation of the hip

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12
Q

The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of which spinal nerves?

A

L4-5, S1-4

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13
Q

What are the main 2 branches of the sacral plexus?

A

Sciatic nerve

Pudendal nerve

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14
Q

What spinal nerves form the lumbrosacral trunk?

A

L4 and 5

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15
Q

What is the nerve root value of the superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4-S1

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16
Q

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae

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17
Q

What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5-S2

18
Q

What muscle in the gluteal region is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus maximus

19
Q

What other branches of the sacral plexus exist?

A 
Nerve to piriformis (S1-2)
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to the quadratus femoris
Obturator internus
Pudendal nerve
Nerve to elevator and and coccygeus
20
Q

Inferior to which muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge in the gluteal region?

A

Inferiorly to the piriformis

21
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

22
Q

Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?

A

No

23
Q

What are the hamstrings?

A

Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Long and short heads of biceps femoris

24
Q

What are the actions of the hamstrings?

A

Extension of the hip

Flexion of the knee

25
Q

See booklet page 33 for a diagram of the knee

A

…

26
Q

What does the stability of the knee joint depend on?

A

Strength and action of the surrounding muscles and their tendons
Ligaments connecting the femur and tibia

27
Q

Which is the most important muscle involved in the stabilisation of the knee joint?

A

??

28
Q

What are the 2 collateral ligament of the knee?

A

Lateral collateral ligament

Medial collateral ligament

29
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

Lateral surface of the head of the tibia

30
Q

What muscle separates the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus?

A

??

31
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur
Medial meniscus
Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia

32
Q

Why is the attachment between the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament important?

A

??

33
Q

What are the 2 cruciate ligaments?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

34
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Preventing the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia

Prevention of anterior dislocation of the knee

35
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Preventing the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia

Prevention of posterior dislocation of the knee

36
Q

What menisci exist in the knee?

A

Lateral meniscus

Medial meniscus

37
Q

What are the main functions of the menisci?

A

Deepening of the articular surface of the tibia, increasing the stability of the joint
Shock absorption

38
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the knee joint?

A

Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus

39
Q

What muscles cause extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadriceps femoris

40
Q

What bursa exist around the knee?

A

Suprapatellar bursa
Semimembranosus bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Deep and superficial infrapatellar bursae

41
Q

Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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