Tutorial 6: Lower Limb, Dry Lab Flashcards
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?
??
What muscles form the superficial layer in the gluteal region?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
What muscles form the deep layer in the gluteal region?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadrates femoris
What 2 muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract?
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus maximus
What part the the fascia lata is called the iliotibial tract?
?
What are the actions of the gluteus maximus?
Extension and lateral rotation of hip
What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal muscle
What are the actions of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?
Abductors and medial rotators of the hip
Which nerve innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae muscles?
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the action of the deep layer of muscles in the gluteal region?
Stabilisation of the hip joint and lateral rotation of the hip
The sacral plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of which spinal nerves?
L4-5, S1-4
What are the main 2 branches of the sacral plexus?
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve
What spinal nerves form the lumbrosacral trunk?
L4 and 5
What is the nerve root value of the superior gluteal nerve?
L4-S1
What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae
What is the root value of the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5-S2
What muscle in the gluteal region is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus maximus
What other branches of the sacral plexus exist?
Nerve to piriformis (S1-2) Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Nerve to the quadratus femoris Obturator internus Pudendal nerve Nerve to elevator and and coccygeus
Inferior to which muscle does the sciatic nerve emerge in the gluteal region?
Inferiorly to the piriformis
What are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Does the sciatic nerve supply any muscles in the gluteal region?
No
What are the hamstrings?
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Long and short heads of biceps femoris
What are the actions of the hamstrings?
Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
See booklet page 33 for a diagram of the knee
…
What does the stability of the knee joint depend on?
Strength and action of the surrounding muscles and their tendons
Ligaments connecting the femur and tibia
Which is the most important muscle involved in the stabilisation of the knee joint?
??
What are the 2 collateral ligament of the knee?
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
What does the lateral collateral ligament attach to?
Lateral epicondyle of the femur
Lateral surface of the head of the tibia
What muscle separates the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus?
??
What does the medial collateral ligament attach to?
Medial epicondyle of the femur
Medial meniscus
Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
Why is the attachment between the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament important?
??
What are the 2 cruciate ligaments?
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Preventing the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia
Prevention of anterior dislocation of the knee
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Preventing the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia
Prevention of posterior dislocation of the knee
What menisci exist in the knee?
Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus
What are the main functions of the menisci?
Deepening of the articular surface of the tibia, increasing the stability of the joint
Shock absorption
What muscles cause flexion of the knee joint?
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
What muscles cause extension of the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
What bursa exist around the knee?
Suprapatellar bursa
Semimembranosus bursa
Prepatellar bursa
Deep and superficial infrapatellar bursae
Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar
