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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 3: Upper Limb, Wet Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 3: Upper Limb, Wet Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial group of the wrist flexors of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Where is the superficial group of the wrist flexors attached to?

A

Common flexor tendon to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

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3
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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4
Q

What innervates the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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5
Q

Which muscle flexes the wrist and adducts the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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6
Q

Which muscle flexes the wrist and abducts the hand at the wrist joint?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

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7
Q

Is the palmaris longus always present?

A

No

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8
Q

Which nerve innervates 3 of the superficial group of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

A

Median

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Flexion of the elbow

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve

Brachioradialis is an exception the the rule that the radial nerve only innervates the extensor muscles

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12
Q

Which digits are the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis attached to?

A

2nd-5th

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13
Q

Onto which phalanx are the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis attached to?

A

Middle phalanx

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14
Q

Can the flexor digitorum superficialis act on the distal interphlangeal joint?

A

No

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the deep group of the anterior forearm>

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis linugs
Pronator quadratus

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17
Q

Does the flexor digitorum profundus act on the wrist and all the joints of the wrist?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the main action of the flexor digitorum profundus on the wrist and finger joints?

A

Flexion

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19
Q

Which part of the flexor digitorum profundus is supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A

Medial part - digits 4 and 5

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20
Q

Which part of the flexor digitorum profundus is supplied by the median nerve?

A

Lateral part - digits 2 and 3

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21
Q

What innervates the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (from the median nerve)

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22
Q

Where is the pronator quadratus connected to?

A

It arises from in front of the ulna and passes across until it is inserted into the radius

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23
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve from the median nerve

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25
Q

See page 54 of booklet for diagram of the neuromuscular structures of the anterior forearm?

A

…

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26
Q

What is the relationship between the brachial artery with the median nerve in the cubital fossa?

A

The nerve is medial to the brachial artery

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27
Q

Which muscles does the median nerve not supply in the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Medial flexor digitorum profundus
Brachioradialis

28
Q

What path does the ulnar nerve follow in the forearm?

A

After passing posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus the ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Both the ulnar nerve and the ulnar artery descend close to each other

29
Q

What is the relationship between the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve?

A

The ulnar nerve is medial to the ulnar artery

30
Q

Is it possible to feel the ulnar artery pulse?

A

No - it’s too deep

31
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the brachial artery?

A

Ulnar artery

Radial artery

32
Q

Which arterial pulse can you feel at the distal third of the forearm medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Radial pulse

33
Q

What is the relationship of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve during their course in the forearm?

A

The nerve is medial to the artery

34
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

The passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between the scaphoid and the trapezium on the lateral side and the pisiform and hamate bone on the medial side.

35
Q

What is the flexor retinaculum?

A

A strong fibrous band which converts which converts the concavity of the palmar surface of the carpus (carpal bones) into a channel

36
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve
4 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
1 tendon of the flexor pollicis longus

37
Q

Which is the most sensitive structure in the carpal tunnel that can be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve

38
Q

What are the 5 intrinsic muscle compartments of the hand?

A 
Thenar compartment
Hypothenar compartment
Adductor compartment
Lumbricles and long flexor tendons (central compartment)
Interossei compartment
39
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

Apposition of the thumb

40
Q

What 3 muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

41
Q

Diagrams of the thenar eminence on page 59 of the booklet

A

…

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the thenar eminence?

A

Median nerve

43
Q

Diagram of the hypothenar eminence on page 60 of the booklet

A

…

44
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

45
Q

What is the segmental value of the median nerve?

A

C6-T1

46
Q

What is the segmental value of the ulnar nerve?

A

C8-T1

47
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

48
Q

What are the 2 heads of the adductor pollicis muscle?

A

Transverse head

Oblique head

49
Q

What nerve innervates the adductor pollicis muscle?

A

Ulnar nerve

50
Q

What is the action of the adductor pollicis muscle?

A

Adduction of the thumb

51
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4

52
Q

From which long flexor tendons do lumbricals originate?

A

Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

53
Q

What is the action of the lumbrical muscles?

A

Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint and extension of the interphalangeal joint of the 2nd-5th digits

54
Q

What nerve(s) innervate the lumbricals?

A

Medial 2 - Ulnar nerve

Lateral 2 - Median nerve

55
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the fingers

56
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers

57
Q

How many dorsal interossei exist?

A

4

58
Q

How many palmar interossei exist?

A

3

59
Q

Which nerve innervates both the palmar and dorsal interossei?

A

Ulnar nerve

60
Q

See page 64 of the booklet for diagram of the palmar arches

A

…

61
Q

What does the median nerve enter the hand through?

A

The carpal tunnel

62
Q

Which muscles in the hand are not innervated by the ulnar nerve?

A

The thenar eminence and the lateral 2 lumbrical muscles

63
Q

See page 66 of the booklet for a diagram of the dermatomes of the arm

A

…

64
Q

Which bone forms the proximal part of the wrist joint?

A

Radial bone

65
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A 
Scaphoid 
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
66
Q

What bones form the distal articulation of the wrist joint?

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

67
Q

What movements can occur at the wrist joint?

A 
Extension
Flexion
Circumduction
Adduction
Abduction

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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