Hip and Knee Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Strong, stable, multiaxial
Ball and socket type of synovial joint
What form the ball of the ball and socket joint?
Femoral head
What forms the socket of the ball and socket joint?
Acetabular cavity
What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?
The head of the femur
Acetabulum
What increases the depth of the acetabulum?
[Fibrocartilaginous] Acetabular labrum
Transverse acetabular ligament
What part of the head of the femur isn’t covered by articular cavity and what covers it instead?
Pit/fovea
Ligament of the head of the femur
Describe the function of the iliofemoral ligament
Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint
Describe the function of the pubofemoral ligament
Prevents oberabduction of the hip joint
What does the ischiofemoral ligament attach to?
Ischial part of the acetabular rim
Neck of the femur
What are the chief flexors of the hip?
Iliopsoas
List all the muscles that flex the hip
Iliopsoas Sartorius Tensor fascia latae Rectus femoris Pectinous Adductor group
What muscles cause hip extension?
Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus (posterior part)
What muscles cause abduction and medial rotation of the hi?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
What muscles cause lateral rotation of the hip?
Obturator internus and externes Piiformis Gluteus maximus Gemelli Quadratus femoris
What are the lateral and medial circumflex arteries branches of?
Profunda femoris artery
What artery to the head of the femur a branch of?
Obturator artery
What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge synovial joint
What are the articular surfaces of the knee?
Femorotibial
Femoropatellar
Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?
The fibula is not involved in the knee joint
What are the 5 ligaments in the knee that help to strengthen the joint capsule?
Patellar ligament Fibular collateral ligament Tibial collateral ligament Oblique popliteal ligament Arcuate popliteal ligament
What are the attachments for the tibia collateral ligament?
Medial epicondyle of the femur
Medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
What are the attachments for the fibular collateral ligament?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Head of fibula
What tendon passes deep to the fibular collateral ligament?
Tendon of popliteus
What are the inter-articular structures of the knee?
Cruciate ligaments
Menisci
Which of the cruciate ligaments of the knee is weaker?
Anterior cruciate ligament
What is the blood supply like for the anterior cruciate ligament?
Poor
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Limits anterior rolling of the femur of the tibia
Prevents hyeprflexion of the knee
What are the menisci of the knee joint?
Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage
What is the function of the menisci of the knee?
Deepens the surface and play a role in shock absorption
Explain the shape of the medial meniscus
C-shaped, broader posteriorly
Larger than the lateral meniscus
Explain the shape of the lateral meniscus
Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus.
What does the medial meniscus attach to?
Deep surface of the tibular collateral ligament
What separates the lateral meniscus from the fibular collateral ligament?
Tendon of the popliteus
How many bursa are there around the knee joint?
12
How many bursae communicate with the joint cavity?
4
What are the 4 bursae that communicate with the joint cavity in the knee?
Suprapatellar bursa
Popliteal bursa
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa
What are the movements of the knee joint?
Flexion
Extension
Locking (medial rotation of the femur on the tibia)
Unlocking (lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia)
What muscle unlock the knee/causes initial flexion?
Popliteus muscle
What are the flexors of the knee?
Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
What are the extensors of the knee?
Quadriceps femoris
