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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Strong, stable, multiaxial

Ball and socket type of synovial joint

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2
Q

What form the ball of the ball and socket joint?

A

Femoral head

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3
Q

What forms the socket of the ball and socket joint?

A

Acetabular cavity

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4
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the hip joint?

A

The head of the femur

Acetabulum

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5
Q

What increases the depth of the acetabulum?

A

[Fibrocartilaginous] Acetabular labrum

Transverse acetabular ligament

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6
Q

What part of the head of the femur isn’t covered by articular cavity and what covers it instead?

A

Pit/fovea

Ligament of the head of the femur

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7
Q

Describe the function of the iliofemoral ligament

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

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8
Q

Describe the function of the pubofemoral ligament

A

Prevents oberabduction of the hip joint

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9
Q

What does the ischiofemoral ligament attach to?

A

Ischial part of the acetabular rim

Neck of the femur

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10
Q

What are the chief flexors of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas

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11
Q

List all the muscles that flex the hip

A 
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Tensor fascia latae
Rectus femoris
Pectinous
Adductor group
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12
Q

What muscles cause hip extension?

A

Hamstrings
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus (posterior part)

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13
Q

What muscles cause abduction and medial rotation of the hi?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

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14
Q

What muscles cause lateral rotation of the hip?

A 
Obturator internus and externes
Piiformis
Gluteus maximus
Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
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15
Q

What are the lateral and medial circumflex arteries branches of?

A

Profunda femoris artery

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16
Q

What artery to the head of the femur a branch of?

A

Obturator artery

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17
Q

What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?

A

Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
Superior gluteal nerve

18
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge synovial joint

19
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee?

A

Femorotibial

Femoropatellar

20
Q

Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?

A

The fibula is not involved in the knee joint

21
Q

What are the 5 ligaments in the knee that help to strengthen the joint capsule?

A 
Patellar ligament
Fibular collateral ligament
Tibial collateral ligament
Oblique popliteal ligament
Arcuate popliteal ligament
22
Q

What are the attachments for the tibia collateral ligament?

A

Medial epicondyle of the femur
Medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus

23
Q

What are the attachments for the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Head of fibula

24
Q

What tendon passes deep to the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Tendon of popliteus

25
Q

What are the inter-articular structures of the knee?

A

Cruciate ligaments

Menisci

26
Q

Which of the cruciate ligaments of the knee is weaker?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

27
Q

What is the blood supply like for the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Poor

28
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia

Prevent posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee

29
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Limits anterior rolling of the femur of the tibia

Prevents hyeprflexion of the knee

30
Q

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

A

Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage

31
Q

What is the function of the menisci of the knee?

A

Deepens the surface and play a role in shock absorption

32
Q

Explain the shape of the medial meniscus

A

C-shaped, broader posteriorly

Larger than the lateral meniscus

33
Q

Explain the shape of the lateral meniscus

A

Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus.

34
Q

What does the medial meniscus attach to?

A

Deep surface of the tibular collateral ligament

35
Q

What separates the lateral meniscus from the fibular collateral ligament?

A

Tendon of the popliteus

36
Q

How many bursa are there around the knee joint?

A

12

37
Q

How many bursae communicate with the joint cavity?

A

4

38
Q

What are the 4 bursae that communicate with the joint cavity in the knee?

A

Suprapatellar bursa
Popliteal bursa
Anserine bursa
Gastrocnemius bursa

39
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A

Flexion
Extension
Locking (medial rotation of the femur on the tibia)
Unlocking (lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia)

40
Q

What muscle unlock the knee/causes initial flexion?

A

Popliteus muscle

41
Q

What are the flexors of the knee?

A

Hamstrings
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius

42
Q

What are the extensors of the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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