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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 2: Upper Limb, Dry Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 2: Upper Limb, Dry Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Look at diagram of humerus (pg 29)

A

…

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2
Q

What are the muscle compartments of the arm?

A

Anterior (flexor), posterior (extensor)

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

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4
Q

What do the two heads of the biceps brachii arising from the scapula meet and what do they from?

A

Distal 3rd of the upper arm

Form a short tendon which inserts into the tuberosity of the radius

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5
Q

What joints does the biceps brachii act on?

A

Shoulder
Elbow
Radio-ulnar joints

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6
Q

What are the 2 heads of the biceps brachii?

A

Long head

Short head

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7
Q

Where does the short head of the biceps arise from?

A

The coracoid process of the scapula

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8
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps arise from and where does it later run?

A

The supraglenoid tubercle

Runs in the bicipital groove

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9
Q

What bone is the supraglenoid tubercle found on?

A

Scapula

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10
Q

Which bony process on the radius is the tendon of the biceps attached to distally?

A

Radial tuberosity

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11
Q

What is the action of the biceps on the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion

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12
Q

What is the action of the biceps on the elbow joint?

A

Flexion

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13
Q

What is the action of the biceps on the radio-ulnar joint?

A

Supination

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14
Q

What is the nerve supply to the biceps muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous muscle

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15
Q

Which segmental fibres mainly innervate the biceps muscle?

A

C6 (+C5)

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16
Q

From which cords of the brachial plexus is the musculocutaneous nerve a branch of?

A

Lateral cord (C5, C6, C7 spinal roots)

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17
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle on the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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19
Q

What are the insertions for the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Proximal - coracoid process

Distal - medial margin of the humerus at about it’s middle

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20
Q

What are the insertions for the brachialis muscle?

A

Proximal - anteriorly from the distal half of the humerus

Distal - coronoid process of the ulna

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21
Q

What is the action of the brachialis muscle on the elbow joint?

A

Flexion

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22
Q

What nerve supplies the brachialis muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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23
Q

What path does the musculocutaneous nerve follow?

A

It arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
Enters the arm by perforating the coracobrachialis muscle and descends between the biceps and brachialis. After supplying the muscles of the arm it continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm

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24
Q

What muscle compartment is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Anterior compartment of the arm

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25
Q

What are the segmental root values of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, C6, C7

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26
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve become in the forearm?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve - supplies the lateral aspect of the forearm

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27
Q

Does the musculocutaneous nerve supply any of the muscles in the forearm or hand?

A

No

28
Q

How could the musculocutaeous nerve be damaged?

A

Stab to the axilla

29
Q

What would be the effect of the musculocutaneous nerve being severed?

A

Paralysis of the biceps, coracobrachialis and brachialis muscles
Loss of sensation on the lateral aspect of the forearm

30
Q

What does the axillary artery become?

A

The brachial artery

31
Q

Where does the brachial run to and from where?

A

The brachial artery runs from the lower border of the teres major to the cubital fossa

32
Q

What does the brachial artery divide into?

A

The radial and ulnar arteries

33
Q

What is the profunda brachii?

A

The deep artery of the arm

A branch of the brachial artery

34
Q

What is the progression of the arteries from the aorta to the forearm?

A 
(Brachiocephalic trunk (L))
Subclavian artery
Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Radial and Ulnar arteries
35
Q

Which cords of the brachial plexus does the medial nerve in the arm arise from?

A

Arises from 2 roots: one from the medial cord and one from the lateral cord

36
Q

What pathway does the median nerve follow?

A

It descends along the lateral side of the axillary artery and the upper part of the brachial artery. At the middle part of the arm the nerve crosses to the medial side of the brachial artery and enters the cubital fossa. It gives no branches in either the axilla or in the upper arm

37
Q

What cords of the brachial plexus does the ulnar nerve arise from?

A

Medial cord

38
Q

What path does the ulnar nerve follow?

A

It descends along the medial side of the brachial artery and enters the posterior compartment of the arm through the medial inter muscular septum and runs along the medial head of the triceps and to the back of the medial epichondyle

39
Q

Do the median or ulnar nerves supply any muscles in the arm?

A

No

40
Q

What nerve is most likely to be affected by a fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Axillary nerve

41
Q

What nerve is most likely to be affected by a fracture to the radial groove of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

42
Q

What nerve is most likely to be affected by a fracture to the medial epichondyle of the humerus?

A

ulnar nerve

43
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

The triangular depression in the front of the elbow

44
Q

What pulse can be felt medially to the tendon of the biceps in the cubital fossa?

A

Brachial pulse

45
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Base - imaginary line between the 2 epichodyles
Medial border - pronator teres muscle
Lateral border - brachioradialis muscle

46
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

47
Q

What muscle occupies the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

48
Q

What are the connections for the triceps brachii?

A

Long head - scapula

2 shorter heads - lateral and medial from the humerus

49
Q

Where is the common tendon of the triceps inserted?

A

Olecranon process of the ulna

50
Q

What bone are the olecranon and coronoid processed located on?

A

Ulna

51
Q

Which head of the triceps has it’s proximal attachment from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Long head

52
Q

What is the main function of the triceps on the elbow?

A

Extension

53
Q

What is the action of the anconeus muscle?

A

Extension of the elbow

54
Q

What nerve supplies the triceps and anconeus muscles?

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

What cord of the brachial plexus is the radial nerve a part of?

A

Posterior cord

56
Q

What does the radial nerve provide motor innervation for?

A

Extensor muscles of the wrist and elbow

57
Q

What path does the radial nerve follow?

A

Enters the arm anterior to the long head of the triceps and runs along with the profunda femoris artery and curves around the mid shaft region of the humerus in the RADIAL GROOVE

58
Q

What are the segmental root values of the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

59
Q

What is a characteristic clinical sign of radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop

60
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial hinge joint

61
Q

What movements occur at the elbow?

A

Flexion, Extension

62
Q

What ligaments are there in the elbow?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Anular ligament

63
Q

What muscles flex the elbow joint?

A

Brachialis, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii

64
Q

What muscles extend the elbow joint?

A

Triceps brachii, anconeus

65
Q

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints?

A

Pivot-type synovial joints

66
Q

What muscles are involved in the supination of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

Supinator

Biceps brachii

67
Q

What muscles are involved in the pronation of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

Pronator quadratus

Pronator teres

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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