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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 1: Upper Limb, Wet Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 1: Upper Limb, Wet Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

The pyramidal space below the shoulder joint

It provides a passageway for vessels going to the upper limb

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2
Q

What forms the 4 walls of the axilla?

A

Anterior wall - Pectoralis major and minor muscles
Posterior wall - Subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles
Medial wall - Serrates anterior muscle and thoracic wall
Lateral wall - Intertubercular groove of the humerus

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3
Q

What structures exist in the axilla?

A 
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Brachial plexus
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Axillary lymph nodes
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4
Q

What is the axillary artery a continuation of?

A

Subclavicular artery

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5
Q

What anatomically marks the change from the subclavian to the axillary artery?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib

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6
Q

What follows on from the axillary artery?

A

Brachial artery

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7
Q

What anatomically marks the change from the axillary to the brachial artery?

A

Lower border of the teres major muscle

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8
Q

When may compression of the axillary artery be necessary?

A

When profuse bleeding occurs

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9
Q

What spinal nerve roots supply the brachial plexus?

A

C5. C6, C7, C8, T1

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10
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6

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11
Q

What is Erb’s point and what is it’s relevance?

A

…

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12
Q

Which group of muscles are affected by Erb’s palsy (injury to upper trunk)?

A 
Paralysis of:
Biceps brachialis
Brachialis 
Coracobrachialis
Brachioradialis
Deltoid
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13
Q

What segmental roots of the brachial plexus contribute to he lower trunk?

A

C8, T1

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14
Q

See brachial plexus pg 9 of anatomy book

A

…

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15
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus
Intrinsic muscles of the hand and ulnar flexors or the wrist and fingers
Injury can be caused by undue abduction of the arm

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16
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral cord
Medial cord
Posterior cord

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17
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Lateral root of the median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Medial pectoral nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial root of the median nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
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19
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A 
Thoracodorsal nerve
Axillary nerve
Superior subscapular nerve
Inferior sub scapular nerve
Radial nerve
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20
Q

Look at diagram on pg 10 for arterial supply to arm

A

…

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21
Q

Look at the diagram on pg 11 for the venous drainage of the arm

A

…

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22
Q

What veins arise from each side of the dorsal venous arch?

A

Lateral side - cephalic

Medial - basilic

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23
Q

What does the median cubital vein do?

A

Shunts blood from the cephalic to the basilic vein

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24
Q

Where is the clavicle at it’s weakest and why?

A

Junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3

Weight is displaced inferiorly at the lateral end due to the pectorals major

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25
Q

What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial plane

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26
Q

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Saddle synovial

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27
Q

What is scapohumeral rhythm?

A

Simultaneous movement of the glenohumeral joint and scapula to provide a smooth extension to the range of movement

28
Q

What muscles cause elevation of the scapula?

A

Upper trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

29
Q

What muscles cause depression of the scapula?

A

Lower trapezius
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor

30
Q

What muscles cause protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor

31
Q

What muscles cause protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor

32
Q

What muscles cause retraction of the scapula?

A

Middle trapezius

Rhomboids

33
Q

What muscles cause rotation of the scapula elevating the glenoid cavity?

A

Superior trapezius
Pectoralis minor
Superior serratus anterior

34
Q

What muscles cause rotation of the scapula depressing the glenoid cavity?

A

Inferior trapezius

Inferior serratus anterior

35
Q

See page 19 of booklet for muscles which act to move the scapula

36
Q

See page 19 of booklet for muscles which act to move the scapula

37
Q

What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

38
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

It is a cartilage that deepens the glenoid fossa

39
Q

What ligaments support the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracoacromial ligament
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenohumeral ligaments

40
Q

What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the coracohumeral ligament?

41
Q

What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligament?

42
Q

What aspect of the glenohumeral joint is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligament?

43
Q

What makes up the coraco-acromial arch and what is it’s function?

A

Acromion
Coracoid process of the scapula

It prevents superior displacement of the humeral head

44
Q

What is the function of bursae?

A

To provide cushioning around a joint

45
Q

Rotator cuff muscle diagram pg 23 of booklet

46
Q

What are the actions of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Abduction, lateral and medial rotation

47
Q

What is the action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Medial rotation and flexion of the shoulder joint

48
Q

What is the action of the middle fibres of the deltoid?

A

Abduction of the at the shoulder joint

49
Q

What is the action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder joint

50
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve

51
Q

What is the action of the pectorals major on the shoulder joint?

A

Adduction and medial rotation

52
Q

What is the deltopectoral triangle and what can be found in that space?

A

Triangle formed by the clavicle, deltoid and pectorals major

Subclavian vein

53
Q

What is the nerve supply for the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

54
Q

What clinical sign occurs as a result of injury to the long thoracic nerve?

A

Winged scapula

55
Q

How is the long thoracic nerve often injured?

A

Insertion of chest drain

56
Q

What effect does contraction of the superior fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?

57
Q

What effect does contraction of the middle fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?

A

Retraction

58
Q

What effect does contraction of the inferior fibres of the trapezius have on the scapula?

A

Depression

59
Q

What innervates the trapezius muscle?

A

Accessory nerve (CNXI)

60
Q

What action does the teres major have on the shoulder joint?

A

Adducts and medially rotates

61
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?

A

Extension
Adduction
Medial rotation

62
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the shoulder joint?

A

Biceps brachii
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid
Coracobrachialis

63
Q

What muscles cause extension of the shoulder joint?

A

Posterior deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

64
Q

What muscles cause adduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

65
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Middle part of the deltoid
Supraspinatus
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

66
Q

What muscles cause medial/internal rotation of the shoulder joint?

A

Subscapularis
Lattisimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Teres major

67
Q

What muscles cause lateral/external of the shoulder joint?

A

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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