Tutorial 5: Lower Limb, Wet Lab Flashcards
See page 6 of the booklet for diagrams of the pelvis and femur
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What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?
Great saphenous vein
Small saphenous vein
Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Great saphenous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?
Great saphenous vein
Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Small saphenous vein
Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?
Small saphenous vein
What can cause deep vein thrombosis?
Muscular inactivity
External pressure on veins
What are the 3 most important arrangements of lymph nodes in the leg?
Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal
Lymphatic vessels following the great and small saphenous veins enter which arrangements?
Great - superficial inguinal
Small - popliteal
See page 10 of booklet for a diagram of the dermatomes of the lower limb
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Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?
Acetabular cavity is deeper than the glenoid cavity
The ligaments are stronger
What type of joint is the hip?
Synovial ball and socket joint
What is the acetabular labrum?
A cup-like depression in the lateral side of the pelvis
What is the function of the acetabular labrum?
Deepening of acetabular cavity
Shock absorption
What are the articulating parts of the hip joint?
Acetabular cavity
Femoral head
What are the ligaments of the hip joint?
Intracapsular Extracapsular: - Iliofemoral - Ischiofemoral - Pubofemoral
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevention of hyperextension of the hip joint
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevention of excessive abduction of the hip joint
What are the 3 main muscle compartments in the leg?
Anterior (flexor)
Posterior (extensor)
Medial (adductor)
What muscles make up the quadriceps femurs?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedialis
What is the common tendon to the quadriceps muscles?
Quadriceps tendon above patella
Patellar tendon below
What does the patellar tendon attach to?
Tibial tuberosity
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
Femoral nerve
What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Pectineus
What is the action of the quadriceps?
Extension of the knee
Flexion of the hip
What is the fascia latae?
A thickening of the fascia on the lateral side of the thigh
What muscles are attached to the fascia latae?
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus maximus
What are the 3 actions of the sartorius on the hip joint?
Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation
What is the action of the sartorius on the knee joint?
Flexion
What are the adductor muscles of the thigh?
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator nerve
What bony structure does the obturator nerve pass through?
Obturator foramen
What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to the vastus medialis
What artery is the femoral artery a continuation of?
External iliac artery
When does the external iliac artery change to the femoral artery?
When it crosses under the inguinal ligament
What is the large branch of the femoral artery that passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?
Profunda femoris artery
What is the femoral vein a continuation of?
Popliteal vein
What does the femoral vein go on to become?
External iliac vein
What veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?
Profunda femoris vein
Great saphenous vein
What structures for the borders of the femoral triangle?
Sartorius
Adductor longus
Inguinal ligament
What forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Pectineus
Iliacus
Psoas major
Adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Femoral nerve
Lymphatic vessels
What is the femoral sheath?
A funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds the femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medially to the which contains lymphatic vessels
What lies outside of the femoral sheath, but in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve
Which gender are femoral hernias more common in?
Females
What structures form the boundaries of the adductor canal?
??
Which nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus?
L1-4
What are the segmental root values of the femoral and obturator nerves?
L2-4
Which 2 muscles have a common tendon causing them to be referred to as the iliopsoas?
Iliacus
Psoas major
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
Piriformis
Gemilli
Quadratus femoris
Gluteus maximus
What are the medial rotators of the hip and what other action do they cause in the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
Abduction
What muscles cause flexion of the hip?
Psoas major Iliacus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis Pectanius
What muscles cause extension of the hip?
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
