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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Tutorial 5: Lower Limb, Wet Lab > Flashcards

Tutorial 5: Lower Limb, Wet Lab Flashcards

1
Q

See page 6 of the booklet for diagrams of the pelvis and femur

A

…

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2
Q

What are the superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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3
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus of the tibia?

A

Great saphenous vein

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4
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

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5
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous vein

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6
Q

Which superficial vein empties into the popliteal vein?

A

Small saphenous vein

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7
Q

What can cause deep vein thrombosis?

A

Muscular inactivity

External pressure on veins

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8
Q

What are the 3 most important arrangements of lymph nodes in the leg?

A

Superficial inguinal
Deep inguinal
Popliteal

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9
Q

Lymphatic vessels following the great and small saphenous veins enter which arrangements?

A

Great - superficial inguinal

Small - popliteal

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10
Q

See page 10 of booklet for a diagram of the dermatomes of the lower limb

A

…

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11
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder joint?

A

Acetabular cavity is deeper than the glenoid cavity

The ligaments are stronger

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12
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Synovial ball and socket joint

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13
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

A cup-like depression in the lateral side of the pelvis

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14
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

Deepening of acetabular cavity

Shock absorption

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15
Q

What are the articulating parts of the hip joint?

A

Acetabular cavity

Femoral head

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the hip joint?

A 
Intracapsular
Extracapsular:
- Iliofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Pubofemoral
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17
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevention of hyperextension of the hip joint

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18
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevention of excessive abduction of the hip joint

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19
Q

What are the 3 main muscle compartments in the leg?

A

Anterior (flexor)
Posterior (extensor)
Medial (adductor)

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20
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femurs?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedialis

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21
Q

What is the common tendon to the quadriceps muscles?

A

Quadriceps tendon above patella

Patellar tendon below

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22
Q

What does the patellar tendon attach to?

A

Tibial tuberosity

23
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Femoral nerve

24
Q

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Iliacus
Pectineus

25
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps?

A

Extension of the knee

Flexion of the hip

26
Q

What is the fascia latae?

A

A thickening of the fascia on the lateral side of the thigh

27
Q

What muscles are attached to the fascia latae?

A

Tensor fascia latae

Gluteus maximus

28
Q

What are the 3 actions of the sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation

29
Q

What is the action of the sartorius on the knee joint?

A

Flexion

30
Q

What are the adductor muscles of the thigh?

A

Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

31
Q

What nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

Obturator nerve

32
Q

What bony structure does the obturator nerve pass through?

A

Obturator foramen

33
Q

What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to the vastus medialis

34
Q

What artery is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery

35
Q

When does the external iliac artery change to the femoral artery?

A

When it crosses under the inguinal ligament

36
Q

What is the large branch of the femoral artery that passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings?

A

Profunda femoris artery

37
Q

What is the femoral vein a continuation of?

A

Popliteal vein

38
Q

What does the femoral vein go on to become?

A

External iliac vein

39
Q

What veins drain into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

40
Q

What structures for the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius
Adductor longus
Inguinal ligament

41
Q

What forms the base of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus
Iliacus
Psoas major
Adductor longus

42
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral vein
Femoral artery
Femoral nerve
Lymphatic vessels

43
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

A funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds the femoral vessels (but not the nerve) and creates the femoral canal medially to the which contains lymphatic vessels

44
Q

What lies outside of the femoral sheath, but in the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve

45
Q

Which gender are femoral hernias more common in?

A

Females

46
Q

What structures form the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

??

47
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

48
Q

What are the segmental root values of the femoral and obturator nerves?

A

L2-4

49
Q

Which 2 muscles have a common tendon causing them to be referred to as the iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

50
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Piriformis
Gemilli
Quadratus femoris
Gluteus maximus

51
Q

What are the medial rotators of the hip and what other action do they cause in the hip joint?

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Abduction

52
Q

What muscles cause flexion of the hip?

A 
Psoas major
Iliacus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Pectanius
53
Q

What muscles cause extension of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (14 decks)

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