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Human Bio I Flashcards > Tutorial 1: Physiology > Flashcards

Tutorial 1: Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

medial antonym

A

lateral

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2
Q

deep antonym

A

superficial

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3
Q

distal meaning

A

this term is most used on extremities and tubular structures, moving away from the trunk or the point of attachment or origin

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4
Q

proximal meaning

A

this term is most used on extremities and tubular structures, moving towards the trunk or the point of attachment.

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5
Q

define the anatomic position

A

Standing upright
head and eyes directed straight ahead
upper limbs slightly away from trunk
both feet flat on the ground, feet slightly apart, face facing forwards
Upper limbs at the sides
palms facing forward
thumbs pointing away from body

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6
Q

describe the prone position

A

The body is lying facedown

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7
Q

describe the supine position

A

Lying on your spine so that the body is faceup

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8
Q

define the following terms

sagitta
corono
para
medi
latero
pro
dis

A

.

arrow
crown
next to
middle
side
before, in front, first
apart, opposite

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9
Q

define the following terms

meta
pron
ipsi
arm
lumbar
peri
rostrum

A

.

beyond, next in a series
to bend forward
self; same
to fit; to join
loin
enclosing or surrounding
beak

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10
Q

define the following terms

supin
crani
cervi
trunk
pelvi
cauda
ventro

A

.

to lay back
helmet
neck
torso
basin
tail
belly, lower part

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11
Q

define the following terms

dorsi
cephalo
contra
leg
inguin
pleura

A

.

back
head
against; in opposition
calf
groin
side of body, rib

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12
Q

define the direction: anterior (ventral*)

A

Towards the front of the body(*towards the belly)

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13
Q

define the direction: posterior (dorsal*)

A

Towards the back of the body (*towards the dorsum)

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14
Q

define the direction: superior (cranial*)

A

towards the head

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15
Q

define the direction: inferior (caudal*)

A

Towards the ground (*towards the tail), away from the head

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16
Q

define the direction: medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

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17
Q

define the direction: lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body, towards the sides of the body

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18
Q

define the direction: ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body, on the same side of the body as another structure

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19
Q

define the direction: contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body, on the opposite side of the body from another structure

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20
Q

define the direction: superficial

A

Towards the surface

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21
Q

define the direction: deep

A

Away from the surface

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22
Q

define the direction: proximal

A

Situated nearer to a point of attachment

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23
Q

define the direction: distal

A

Situated further from a point of attachment

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24
Q

define the direction: intermediate

A

Between two structures

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25
Q

describe the orientation of the bone of the forearm when in the anatomical position also when the palms face posteriorly

A

In anatomical position the two bones are parallel to each other and the radius
is lateral to the ulna. When the palm is facing posteriorly the two bones cross
over so that at the wrist (distal) end the radius is medial and the ulna is lateral.
At the elbow (the proximal end) they keep their original orientations; radius is
lateral and ulna is medial.

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26
Q

define sagittal plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Run vertically and divide the body into left and right portions

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27
Q

define midsagittal (median) plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Runs vertically and divides body into equal left and right
portions

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28
Q

define parasagittal plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Run vertically and divide the body into unequal left and right
portions

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29
Q

define frontal (coronal*) plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Run vertically and divide the human body into anterior &
posterior portions

30
Q

define horizontal (cross-sectional or transverse) plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Run parallel to the ground and divide the human body into
superior and inferior portions, is the reference point when dividing the body into superior an inferior

31
Q

define oblique plane, and if its vertical or horizontal, divides into anterior or posterior, or right or left, or superior or inferior, if it divides into equal or unequal parts, or either,

A

Passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle
(i.e. any angle other than 90-degrees)

32
Q
A

the term coronal plane is used interchangeably with “frontal” plane. “coronal” plane is not used when describing quadrupeds or embryos

33
Q

multiple examples of some planes are possible. which plane has only one location

A

Mid-sagittal

34
Q

what are the two major regions is the human body divided into

A

axial and appendicular

35
Q

define the term Head (cephalic region)

A

skull and face (cranium and mandible)

36
Q

define the term Cervical region (neck)

A

region between the head and the trunk includes: 7 cervical vertebrae, oesophagus, trachea, larynx

37
Q

define the term Trunk

A

includes thorax (chest), abdomen and pelvis

38
Q

define the term Thoracic region

A

region between the neck and the abdomen. bounded by ribs (12 pairs), thoracic vertebrae and sternum. separated from abdomen by diaphragm, contains heart, lungs, oesophagus, and trachea

39
Q

define the term Abdominal region

A

between thorax and pelvis. posteriorly are lumbar vertebrae. bounded by abdominal muscles and diaphragm and contains organs such as liver, stomach and small intestine

40
Q

define the term Lumbar region

A

area around lumbar vertebrae (e.g. lumbago = aching back). kidneys sit on either side of lumbar vertebrae

41
Q

define the term Pelvic region

A

bounded by the bones of the pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum bones) and the muscles which close the outlet of the pelvis.

42
Q

define the term Inguinal region (groin)

A

anterior surface of body where trunk attaches to thighs; marked by a crease on each side.

43
Q

define the term Upper limb

A

appendage attached at the shoulder; consists of arm, forearm, wrist, hand and fingers.

44
Q

define the term *Arm (brachium)

A

between shoulder joint and elbow; contains the humerus.

45
Q

define the term Axillary region

A

armpit

46
Q

define the term Forearm

A

between the wrist and elbow; contains the radius and ulna.

47
Q

define the term Wrist

A

joint between distal end of radius and ulna and carpal bones

48
Q

define the term Hand

A

includes carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

49
Q

define the term Palm

A

anterior surface of hand when in anatomical position.

50
Q

define the term Dorsum of hand

A

back of hand. nails are on this surface

51
Q

define the term Lower Limb

A

appendage attached to pelvis, includes buttock, thigh, leg, ankle and foot.

52
Q

define the term Thigh

A

portion of lower limb from hip to knee; contains femur.

53
Q

define the term *Leg

A

portion of lower limb from knee to ankle; contains tibia and fibula

54
Q

define the term Ankle

A

joint between tibia, fibula and talus (tarsal bone)

55
Q

define the term Foot

A

tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges

56
Q

define the term Plantar surface of
foot

A

sole; surface of foot on the ground in anatomical position.

57
Q

define the term Dorsum of foot

A

superior surface of the foot in anatomical position; toe-nails are on this surface.

58
Q

define the body cavity Cranial cavity

A

formed by the cranial bones; contains the brain.

59
Q

define the body cavity Vertebral cavity

A

formed by the vertebral column; contains spinal cord and beginnings f spinal nerves

60
Q

define the body cavity Thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity; contains percardial and pleural cavities and the mediastinum

61
Q

define the body cavity Mediastinum

A

central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends anterio-posteriorly from sternum to vertebral colomn and supero-interiorly from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, great vessels (aorta, vena cavae), oesophagus, trachae, and thymus gland

62
Q

define the body cavity Pericardial cavity

A

potential space between the layers of the pericardium surrounding the heart.

63
Q

define the body cavity Pleural cavity

A

potential space between the layers of the pleura surrounding the lungs,

64
Q

define the body cavity Abdominopelvic
cavity

A

extends from diaphragm to groin, encircled by abdominal musculature and muscle and bones of the pelvis; subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities.

65
Q

define the body cavity Abdominal cavity

A

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine.

66
Q

define the body cavity Pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine and internal reproductive organs

67
Q

unilateteral

A

involving one side of the body (bilateral means involving both sides of the body)

68
Q

dorsal meaning

A

relating to or situated near or on the back

69
Q

ventral meaning

A

relating to the front part of the body; towards the belly

70
Q

dorsiflexion definition

A

the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot

71
Q

plantar flexion definition

A

the extension of the ankle so that the foot points down and away from the leg

Human Bio I Flashcards (29 decks)

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