Tuscany - General & Chianti Flashcards
weather Hazards in Tuscany? (3)
Rain in The growing season
Spring frost
Hail
All like Bordeaux
Warm weather hazards in Tuscany? (2)
Drought
Prolonged high temperatures
These can lead to under ripe seeds and skin
Top four red grapes in Tuscany?(4)
Sangiovese
Merlot
Cabernet
Syrah
Top 2 white grapes in Tuscany? (2)
Trebbiano Toscano
Vermentino
Sangiovese budding/ripening?
Early bidding
Late ripening
(Same as Nebb and Aglianico)
Sangiovese best sites? And why? (3)
South and south east facing slopes
200-550m altitude
This is because it requires a long growing season to ripen successfully
Soils types best for Sangiovese? (3)
Limestone (like PN and Nebb)
Shale
Clay (not the best)
Sangiovese in the vineyard? (4)
Vigorous
High yields
Thin skin - botrytis
Prone to esca
Sangiovese vine training? (2)
Cordon or cane pruned VSP
Same as the Bordeaux wines of Bolgheri
Best type of clone style for Sangiovese? (3)
Smaller berries
Thicker skins
Open bunches
Pests in Tuscany?
Wild boar
Trebbiano Tascano Ripening/budding
Late budding - good for spring frost
Mid to late ripening
(Like corvina and Cabernet)
Trebbiano tascano in the vineyard?
Medium thick skins
High yielding
High vigour
What does Canaiolo Nero give to a blend? (2)
Floral and red berries notes
Said to enhance the typical Sangiovese flavours
Maceration times for Sangiovese and the styles? (2)
Early drinking: 7-10 days
Wines for ageing: 15-25
Fermentation vessels for Sangiovese? (2)
Stainless steel
Concrete
Tonneaux size?
500L
Chianti DOCG blending laws?
70-100% Sangiovese (same as vino nobile)
Only up to 15% cab or cab franc
10% white grapes
How is low cost Chianti made? (4)
High yields
Machine harvest
Short ageing
Stainless steel
Chianti DOCG legal max yields?
Moderately high
63hL/ha
Same as Bolgerhi Rosso DOC
Chianti sub zone max yields?
56hL/ha - 7 less than Chianti DOCG
Riserva wines Chianti DOCG vs Sub regions?
2 years Min ageing for both
Sub zones 6 month oak min
Coolest sub region in Chianti?
Chianti Rufina DOCG
350m altitude
Cooling winds from mountains
Warmest Chianti sub region?
Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG
Also the largest subzone
Two main soils types in Chianti Classico DOCG? (2)
Galestro- rocky shist and clay. Produces aromatic wines that age well
Alberese- clay- limestone. Produces structured wines with more body
Chianti Classico DOCG blending laws? (2)
Min 80% Sangiovese
No whites
Chianti Classico DOCG max yields?
52.5 - 11.5 less than Chianti DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG min ageing? (2)
Riserva min ageing?
Classico: no sooner than October the following year after harvest
Riserva: two years Min after 1st jan after harvest
Two styles of wines produced in Chianti Classico? (2)
International styles: deeper, riper fruit and oak
Traditional style: paler, sour cherry, restrained new oak with medium intensity
Famous producer In Chianti Classico?
Fontodi
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione DOCG rules? (3)
Blending
Ageing
Owning
Min 30 months aging (no oak requirement)
Min 90% Sangiovese - No International varieties
Single vineyard or estate owned by the producer
What regulates the warm weather in Montalcino? (2)
- Elevation (up to 400m)
- Cool night time breezes from the Mediterranean Sea
Brunello di Montalcino max yield?
54 hL/ha
1.5 more than Chianti Classico
Brunello di Montalcino blending laws?
Must be 100% Sangiovese
Brunello do Montalcino ageing laws? (2)
Two years in oak
Four years from 1st jan after harvest in total
Brunello di Montalcino famous producer?
Soldera
(The dragon label)
Rosso di Montalcino laws? (2)
1 year ageing (no oak requirements)
100% Sangiovese
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano blending laws? (2)
70-100% Sangiovese
International varietals okay
Soil types in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano? (2)
Heavy clay (fuller bodied wines)
Sand (aromatic wines)
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano vs Brunello di Montalcino oak usage? (2)
Large format oak more common in Montalcino
Small format French oak for Vino di Nobile
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano min ageing requirements? (3)
Two years total from 1st Jan following harvest
No min bottle ageing
Min 12-24 months oak
Famous producer in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
Contucci
Irrigation in Tuscany?
Allowed throughout including Bolgheri
Bolgheri Rosso and Rosso Superiore blending laws? (5)
Up to 100%:
Cabernet
Cab franc
Merlot
Up to 50% Sangiovese and Syrah
Up to 30% other varieties like PV
Bolgheri Rosso and Bolgheri Rosso Superiore max yields? (2)
Rosso: 63 (same as Chianti DOCG)
Superiore: 56 (same as Vino Nobile)
Vino Nobile do Montepulciano max yields?
56hL/ha (same as Bolgheri Superiore DOC)
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC blending and ageing? (3)
Min 80% cab
2 years ageing
18 months in barrique 225L
Vernaccia do San Gimignano DOCG altitude?
200-400m
Same as Barolo
Vernaccia do San Gimignano DOCG blending laws? (2)
Min 85% Vernaccia
10% SB and Riesling allowed
Vernaccia do San Gimignano DOCG soils?
Sandstone
Vernaccia do San Gimignano DOCG tasting note? (2)
Med+ acid
Lemon and floral characters
Vernaccia do San Gimignano DOCG max yields?
63hL/ha - same as Chianti DOCG