South Africa Flashcards
Main practices for PREMIUM Pinotage production? (4)
- Cold soak before crushing
- Pumping over and punching down at the start of ferment to extract less tannins
- Age 12-15 months in French oak, up to 50% new oak common
- Released 2 years after vintage
Main practices for INEXPENSIVE Pinotage production? (5)
- Higher yields
- Cold soak before crushing
- Punching down at start of ferment to extract less tannin
- Stainless steel
- Staves or chips used
High quality Chenin producer in South Africa? (1)
Ken Forrester
Name the current that influences and cools the climate of South Africa?
The Benguela current
Climate of the Western Cape?
Warm Mediterranean Climate
Benefits of the Cape Doctor?
Extends the impact of the Benguela current
limits disease pressure
brings rain
Issues with the Cape Doctor?
Damages leaves affecting photosynthesis
Damages flowering reducing yields
Where is rain an issue?
North Western Cape, Paarl and Swartland
Top 3 planted varietals in SA?
Chenin
Colombard
Cabernet
Pinotage in the vineyard?(4)
Early budding
moderately susceptible to fungal disease
small berries (deep colour)
high sugar/alc levels
What are the three main Soil types in SA?
Sandstone - needs irrigation/fertiliser
Shale - dry farming
Granite - dry farming
What is necessary for the acidic soils of SA?
Heavy adjustments with lime (alkali)
Leafroll and Fan Leaf are less of an issue now why?
Virus tested vine planting
main trellising system in SA?
Cordon VSP with 2.4m fruit zone
Why is machine harvesting not common in SA?
the availability of labour is high
What has profound effects on yields in SA?
Irrigation
Vine spacing
age of vines
Positives of the IPW (Intergrated Production of Wine)? (4)
Detailed management system of:
carbon emissions
staff training
soil, river and wetland conservation
Negatives of IPW (Integrated Production of Wine)
Self regulated mostly
open to bribery
Particularly different production methods of cheap/ bulk Chenin? (3)
Addition of RCGM to appeal to the target market
Acidification common
Blended with cheaper varieties (Colombard)
Name a significant producer of high quality Chenin Blanc?
Ken Forrester
When does pumping over and punching down happen in Pinotage Production?
At the start of fermentation when there is less alcohol and tannins are extracted less
Production of lighter styles of premium Pinotage? (4)
Grown on cooler sights
Picked at lower levels of ripeness
no post ferment maceration
red fruited with medium tannins
Premium traditional Pinotage maturation? (3)
12-15 months in oak
More than 50% new oak
released 2 years after vintage
What is generally in a White Cape blend?
Chenin dominant
Rhone varieties
and/or
Chard, semillon, SB
What is generally in a Red Cape Blend?
Significant portion of Pinotage or Rhone reds in the blend
Wine Of Origin Certification “Region?”
Large areas named after a major feature e.g: Breed River Valley
Wine Of Origin Certification “District?”
a specific are within a region. E.g: Stellenbosch
Wine Of Origin Certification “Ward”
A defined area within a district. E.g: Simonsberg-Stellenbosch.
Based on soils and climate
What does “Wine of Origin Swartland” mean on a label
100% of the grapes used are from Swartland
Key Districts within Coastal Region? (6)
Stellenbosch
Paarl
Cape Town
Swartland
Darling
Franschsoek Valley
