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Renal > Tumours of the Urinary System (Bladder and Renal Cancer) > Flashcards

Tumours of the Urinary System (Bladder and Renal Cancer) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of urothelial cancer?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What are risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Smoking
Aromatic amines
Non-hereditary genetic abnormalities

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Schistosomiasis
Chronic cystitis
Cyclophosphamide therapy
Pelvic radiotherapy

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4
Q

What are the presenting features of bladder cancer?

A

Painless frank haematuria
Recurrent UTI
Storage bladder symptoms

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5
Q

What are the investigations for haematuria?

A 
Urine culture 
Upper tract imaging 
Cystourethroscopy 
Urine cytology 
BP and U and Es
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6
Q

What are the investigations needed to diagnose urothelial tumours?

A

IVU

USS

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7
Q

What is the treatment for bladder cancer if it is low grade non muscle invasive?

A

Endoscopic resection with intravesical chemotherapy
Prolonged endoscopic follow up
Prolonged course of intravesical chemotherapy

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8
Q

What is the treatment for bladder cancer if it is high grade non muscle invasive or CIS?

A

Intravesical BCG therapy

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9
Q

What is the treatment for bladder cancer if it is muscle invasive?

A

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical radiotherapy/ radical cystoprostectomy (men) or anterior pelvic exenteration (woman)

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10
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of an upper tract urothelial cancer?

A

Frank haematuria
Unilateral ureteric obstruction
Flank or loin pain
Symptoms of nodal or metastatic disease (bone pain, lung, brain, hypercalcaemia)

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11
Q

What are there diagnostic investigations for an upper tract urothelial cancer?

A

CT IVU
Urine cytology
Ureteroscopy and biopsy

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12
Q

What is the treatment for upper tract urothelial cancer?

A

Most treated by nephrotic-ureterectomy

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13
Q

What are the benign types of renal tumours?

A

Oncocytoma

Angiomyolipoma

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14
Q

What is the most common malignant renal tumour?

A

Renal adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for renal adenocarcinoma?

A 
Family history 
Smoking 
Anti-hypertension medication 
Obestiy 
End stage renal failure 
Acquired renal cystic disease
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16
Q

What is the presentation of renal adenocarcinoma?

A 
Flank pain 
Mass 
Haematuria 
Weight loss 
Cachexia 
Pyrexia 
Anaemia
17
Q

What are the investigations for renal adenocarcinoma?

A

CT
Bloods (U and Es, FBC)
IVU
USS

18
Q

What is the treatment for renal adenocarcinoma?

A

Radical nephrectomy

Renal (24 decks)

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