Pathology of Glomerular Disease Flashcards
How does blood enter the glomerulus?
Via afferent arteriole
What happens to proteins once they enter the glomerulus?
Proteins equal or larger than albumin will not be filtered and will stay in plasma
What are the layers that make up the filter barrier?
Endothelial cell cytoplasm
Basal lamina
Podocyte
What is the function of mesangial cells?
Support capillaries in the glomerulus
What are the 4 common presentations of glomerulonephritis?
Haematuria
Heavy proteinuria
Slowly increasing proteinuria
Acute renal failure
What are the main causes of haematuria?
UTI
Urinary tract stone
Urinary tract tumour
Glomerularnephritis
What happens during IgA nephropathy?
Excess antibody in serum
Mesangium becomes clogged with antibody
IgA causes mesangium to proliferate and produce more matrix
What happens during membranous glomerulonephritis?
IgG deposits itself between basal lamina and podocytes
IgG activates complement C3 which punches hole in filter
Leak allows albumin to be filtered, causing nephrotic syndrome
What are the causes of crescenteric glomerulonephritis?
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Microscopic polyarteritis
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease
What is Wegener’s granulomatosis?
Form of vasculitis which affects vessels in kidneys, nose and lungs
What is a further test for Wegener’s?
Serum test for presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
What is the pathology of diabetic nephropathy?
Thickened but leaky basement membrane
Mesangial matrix compresses capillaries
What is the significant pathology associated with diabetic nephropathy?
Gross excess of mesangial matrix forming nodules
