Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Tumours of Bone > Flashcards

Tumours of Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Osteochondroma B/M? (exotosis)

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chondroma B/M?

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoid osteoma B/M?

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chondroblastoma B/M?

A

Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteochondroma (exotosis)

A

Cartilage capped bony projection arising on external surface of bone containing a marrow cavity that is continuous with that of the underlying bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chondroma

A

Low power - lobules of varying sizes

Chondrocytes with small, round, pyknotic nuclei inside hyaline cartilage – no atypia.

Variable cellularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoid production is essential for diagnosis of what?

A

Osteosarcoma?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is essential for diagnosis of osetosarcoma?

A

Osteoid production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are small peripheral lesions more likely to be benign or malignant that large axial regions?
(endochondroma)

A

Small peripheral lesions are more likely to be benign than large axial lesions.
(endochondroma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dull pain
Worse at night
Characteristically relieved by aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Osteoid osteoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Radiolucent nidus surrounded by reactive sclerosis in cortex of bone

A

Osteoid osteoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prognosis of osteoid osteoma

A

Will resolve without treatment in an average of 33 months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

benign osteoblastic tumour

central core of vascular osteoid

peripheral zone of sclerotic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cartilage capped bony projection arising on external surface of bone containing a marrow cavity that is continuous with that of the underlying bone

A

Osteochondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which age group are affected by ostochondromas?

A

Young <20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benign hyaline cartilage tumour arising in medullary cavity of bones of hands and feet?

A

Chondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Multiple enchondromas are associated with multiple angiomas?

A

Maffucis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chondrocytes with small, round, pyknotic nuclei inside hyaline cartilage

A

Chondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Must differentiate chondroma from what?

A

Chondrosarcoma

-small peripheral lesions are more likely to be benign that large axial lesions

20
Q

Distinct clinical picture of dull pain that is worse at night and disappears within 20-30 minutes o treatment with NSAIDS

A

Osteoid osteoma

21
Q

Radiolucent nidus surrounded by reactive sclerosis in cortex of bone?

A

Osteoid osteoma

22
Q

benign osteoblastic tumour
central core of vascular osteoid
peripheral zone of sclerotic bone

A

Osteoid osteoma

23
Q

How long does it take for an osteoid osteoma to resolve?

A

Average of 33 months

24
Q

Benign cartilage tumour arising in bone - rare

Can occasionally exhibit more aggressive course

Found at epiphysis of long bones

Age group – second decade of life

A

Chondroblastoma

25
Q

Spherical and well-defined osteolytic foci, sometimes extending into the subarticular bone, joint space or metaphysis

A

Chondroblastoma

26
Q

Distinct cytoplasmic borders with foci of “chicken-wire” calcification.

Closely packed polygonal cells plus areas of immature chondroid.

Mitotic activity is low

A

Chondroblastoma

27
Q

Treatment for chondroblastoma

A

Biopsy and curettage plus adjuvant liquid nitrogen

28
Q

Where are giant cell tumours often found?

A

Site - long bones, often around the knee

29
Q

Multinucleated giant cells in a sea of round to oval mononuclear cells

A

Giant cells

30
Q

Irregular spicules of mineralised bone and osteoid surrounded by osteoblasts

Vascular stroma with pleomorphic spindle cells

Osteoid and woven bone are seen

A

Osteoid osteoma

31
Q

Very rare tumour arising from notocord remnants (midline tumour, often in sacral region)

A

Chordoma

32
Q

Soft, blue-gray, lobulated tumours

Gelatinous translucent areas and often a capsule is present

Lesion often tracks along nerve roots in the sacral plexus or out the sciatic notch in planes of least resistance.

A

Chordoma

33
Q

On plain x-ray - appear as a solitary mid-line lesion with bony destruction

Often an accompanying soft tissue mass

Approximately half of the time focal calcifications are present

CT and MRI scans help demonstrate the soft tissue component

A

Chordoma

34
Q

Lobules and fibrous septa. The malignant cell has eosinophilic cytoplasm & prominent vacuoles of mucus push the nuclei to the side

A

Chordoma

35
Q

Commonest primary malignant tumour

A

Osteosarcoma

36
Q

Malignant osteoblasts forming osteoid

A

Osteosarcoma

37
Q

Age group affected by osteosarcoma?

A

Young adults, 60% <25 years old

38
Q

Condition which can predispose to osteosarcoma in older patients?

A

Pagets

39
Q

The second commonest primary malignant tumour of bone

Exhibits pure hyaline cartilage differentiation

Composed of malignant chondrocytes

A

Chondrosarcoma

40
Q

Malignant nodules of chondrosarcoma infiltrate between the lamellar bone obliterating the marrow

Separation of the nodules by fibrous bands would be another feature highly suggestive of malignancy.

A

Chondrosarcoma

41
Q

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

-Most common in second decade of life

42
Q

Small round blue cells

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

43
Q

Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy with vincristine, dactomycin and cyclophosphamide
Post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

44
Q

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in bone marrow

Occurs in old age

Often causes renal failure

Results in bone destruction of axial skeleton

A

Multiple myeloma

45
Q

Cancers which can metastasise to bone?

A

Thyroid, breast, lung (particularly small cell), kidney prostate

Other cancers: gastric cancer, malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma

46
Q

Which type of lung cell cancer may metastasise to bone?

A

Small cell

Musculoskeletal (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions