Biochem disorders of bone Flashcards
Give examples of bisphosphonates
Alendronate
Risedronate
Etidronate
What is desunomab
Monoclonal antibody which reduces osteoclastic activity
What does strontium do?
Increases osteoblast replication and reduces resorption
What is Zoledronic acid?
Once yearly IV bisphosphpnate (but v expensive)
Risks of HRT
Inreased breast and endometrial cancer rates
DVT
Risks of Raloxifene (oestrogen receptor modulator)
DVT
Qualitive defect of bone
Osteomalacia
- due to deficient mineralisation of osteoid
- INADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE
Psuedofractures (Looser’s zones)
Osteomalacia
Patients may complain of bone pain, have deformities of soft bones, sustain pathological fractures easily and have symptoms of hypocalcemia
Osteomalacia
Low calcium
Low phosphate
High serum alk phos
Osteomalacia
Blood biochem in osteoporosis
Normal
Brown tumours
Caused by hyperparathyroidism (lytic lesions in bone)
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Caused by hyperparathyroidism
Treatment for high serum calcium
EMERGENCY
IV fluids
Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin
Treatment of hyperparathyroidism
Removal of adenomatous glands
Treatment of underlying cause (vitamin D supplementation)
Emergency treatment for very high calcium
What is renal osteodystrophy
Typical bone changes due to CKD
(reduced phosphate excretion and inactive activation of vitamin D –> sclerosis of bones and calcification of soft tissues)
Type 1 osteoporosis
Post menopausal
Colles fracture and vertebral insufficiency fracture most likely
Type 2 osteoporosis
Osteoporosis of old age
Fracture of vertebra and femoral neck most common